Ecuador introduced a market-based price band for gasoline and diesel, effectively taking advantage of the oil price slump to usher in unpopular price reforms that the government was forced to repeal last year.
The new pricing system establishes a 5pc band around the future price of WTI crude, with monthly reviews conducted jointly by the oil and finance ministries.
The mechanism is similar to the approach taken by neighboring countries such as Chile where price spikes are mitigated by a reference price band.
Under Ecuador's new system, retail fuel prices immediately fell as a result of the sharp decline in international oil prices. Extra gasoline dropped to $1.75/USG from a previous $1.85/USG. Diesel dropped to $1/USG from a previous $1.03/USG.
LPG prices for residential, vehicular and agricultural use will remain frozen.
The government is encouraging companies other than state-owned PetroEcuador to import fuel, with the possibility of leasing the company's domestic storage. Although Ecuador already permitted other firms to import fuel, in practice very few have done so because of artificially low prices and logistical barriers.
The new market-based pricing system is part of a package of emergency measures announced by Ecuador's president Lenin Moreno. The measures include a debt restructuring, a $4bn cut in public spending, a reduction in public-sector office hours, the liquidation of seven state-owned companies such as Tame airline, the closure of five embassies and six consulates, and the return of 70 state officials from abroad.
The Moreno government last year rolled back austerity measures, including fuel price hikes, in October 2019 in response to violent street protests.
After pulling out of Opec in January as a belt-tightening measure, Ecuador has been particularly hard hit by the Covid-19 pandemic on top of the oil price crash in March. In early April, mudslides ruptured the country's two crude export pipelines. Both have now been repaired, but oil industry operations are still restrained because of limited demand and oversupply.