IEA downgrades 2024 oil demand growth

The IEA now sees oil demand growth in 2025 outpacing this year, after it again downgraded its forecast for 2024 — mostly because of lower than anticipated first-quarter demand in Europe.

In its latest Oil Market Report (OMR), published today, the Paris-based agency lowered its oil demand growth forecast for this year by 140,000 b/d to 1.06mn b/d, citing weak gasoil consumption. This would leave total oil demand in 2024 at 103.16mn b/d.

"Poor industrial activity and another mild winter have sapped gasoil consumption this year, particularly in Europe where a declining share of diesel cars in the fleet were already undercutting consumption," the IEA said.

The agency again lowered its 2024 forecast for Chinese oil demand growth, this time by 30,000 b/d to 510,000 b/d. It sees China's growth slowing to 360,000 b/d in 2025, but the country will remain the largest single contributor to global growth.

The IEA also highlighted a rise in global oil inventories, which increased for a second consecutive month in March — by 36.4mn bl. It said preliminary data show further stock builds in April as "onshore oil inventories skyrocketed after oil on water was discharged." This after onshore stocks fell in March to the lowest since at least 2016, and OECD inventories to a 20-year low.

The latest estimates mean the IEA now sees oil demand growth coming in higher in 2025 at 1.18mn b/d, up by 30,000 b/d from last month's estimate. This contrast sharply with Opec, which continues to see much higher growth this year at 2.25mn b/d and next year at 1.85mn b/d.

On global oil supply, the IEA lowered its 2024 growth estimate by 160,000 b/d to 580,000 b/d citing maintenance in Canada, outages in Brazil and logistical constraints in the US. It noted a 150,000 b/d fall in Russian output in April, related to a new Opec+ production cut.

It forecasts non-Opec+ growth to rise by 1.4mn b/d this year, and an 840,000 b/d fall from Opec+ because of production cuts. The agency projects global gains next year at 1.8mn b/d, with supply hitting a record 104.5mn b/d.

The US, Guyana, Canada and Brazil continue to dominate global supply gains with a combined forecast 1.1mn b/d of additions this year and next.

The IEA's latest forecasts imply a tighter market in 2024 than it previously anticipated. Its balances now show a global oil supply deficit of 460,000 b/d this year, compared with 270,000 b/d in last month's report. The projections assume Opec+ voluntary cuts remain in place until the of the year, although the group has yet to decide its output policy for the second half of the year. It may do so at a ministerial meeting scheduled for 1 June in Vienna.

The IEA's latest balances put the call on Opec+ crude at around 42mn b/d in the second half of this year — 700,000 b/d above the group's April output.

A recent slide in oil prices could keep pressure on the alliance to keep the cuts in place for longer. The IEA put the fall in oil prices down to concerns over the health of the global economy and dissipating fears of a wider conflict in the Middle East.

By Aydin Calik