US coal mining sector lost jobs in 2020
US coal miners shed about 7,000 jobs in 2020 as the industry only partially recovered from disruptions tied to the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Coal mining employment in December stood at 44,100 on a seasonally-adjusted basis, according to preliminary estimates released by the US Labor Department earlier this month. It had been 51,100 in both December 2019 and January 2020.
December's estimate, if finalized, would mean the industry lost jobs for a second straight year and had 6,800 fewer people employed at the end of former president Donald Trump's tenure than when he started in January 2017. Employment was flat to slightly higher over the first two years Trump was in office amid a recovery in export markets that lasted from the middle of 2016 through most of 2018.
Labor Department estimates without seasonal adjustments paint only a slightly better picture. On that basis, coal mine employment stood at an estimated 44,700 last month, compared with 51,100 in January 2020 and 51,000 in January 2017.
Analysts are expecting US coal demand and production to increase this year as tight natural gas supply pushes up prices for the competing generation fuel and global economies recover from pandemic-related disruptions. Coal exports are also expected to improve, but producers so far are reluctant to respond.
Coal production for 1-16 January was an estimated 24.6mn short tons (22.3mn metric tonnes), compared with 28.9mn st a year earlier, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). And some producers have said they are more likely to add days to a crew's shift if demand improves rather than bring in an entirely new crew.
Reflecting expectations of limited employment gains for this coming year, EIA earlier this month projected coal miner productivity will dip in 2021 to an average 6.32st/hour from an estimated 6.37st/hour last year even though the agency expects production to increase by 12pc from a 55-year low in 2020.
Coal mining employment in December on a seasonally adjusted basis was just 2,200 above the record low set in April 2020, when early stages of the pandemic prompted producers to shut or scale back operations to try to balance supply with market demand. Between May and November, employment was in the range of 44,000-45,900.
Surface coal mining employment has struggled more to recover than underground mining, Labor Department data show. The agency estimated that employment at bituminous and lignite surface coal mines, which is reported with a two-month lag, was a record low 18,900 in both October and November. Employment at bituminous and anthracite underground mines was an estimated 25,600 in November, a 4,100 increase from April 2020.
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Indonesia's coal exports edge higher in April
Indonesia's coal exports edge higher in April
Singapore, 1 July (Argus) — Indonesia's coal exports in April edged higher from a year earlier, led by a growth in shipments to India and southeast Asia. The country exported 44.54mn t of coal in April, up by 2.2pc from a year earlier, customs data show. But the exports fell from 46.1mn t in March . The data includes all types of coal such as thermal as well as coking coal. Indonesia exported about 175.58mn t of coal in January-April, up from 168.5mn t during the same period a year earlier. The country could export a total of 526.68mn t this year at the current pace of 43.89mn t/month, up from 521.1mn t a year earlier, according to Argus calculations based on the customs data. The year-on-year increase in April exports was mainly supported by a rise in demand from India, the world's second-largest coal importer, as utilities there looked to bulk up purchases to replenish stocks for the summer season. Shipments to India in April rose by 8.5pc on the year and by 4.8pc on the month to 11.03mn t, according to the data. The exports were supported by strong demand from utilities with an increase in coal-fired generation. India's overall coal-fired generation — which meets most of the country's power requirements — rose to 116.5TWh in April, up from 106TWh a year earlier, according to data from the country's Central Electricity Authority. April's coal-fired generation was also higher than March's 112.5TWh because heatwaves led to increased air-conditioning use. Indonesian exports also rose to cater for increased demand from southeast Asia. Exports to the region in April rose by 36pc on the year and by 21pc from March to 11.03mn t. This was led by a steady rise in exports to Vietnam, where shipments more than doubled to 2.86mn t from 1.35mn t a year earlier and 2.03mn t in March. The demand was led by utilities as coal-fired generation rose to around 16.5TWh in April, up from an estimated 11.89TWh a year earlier, to cater for an increase in power demand during the dry season. Vietnamese coal imports reached 6.5mn t in May , up from 4.97mn t a year earlier, and from 5.9mn t in April, provisional customs data show. Shipments to China — the world's largest coal importer — accounted for nearly 35pc of Indonesian exports at 15.57mn t, down from 18.5mn t a year earlier and 19.26mn t in March. The drop came as Chinese utilities slowed down purchases of seaborne cargoes in line with the softness in thermal power generation. China's thermal power generation, which mainly uses coal, fell to 454TWh in May from 471TWh a year earlier and 459TWh in April, according to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics. China's imports of thermal coal — including non-coking bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite — totalled 32.7mn t, down from 31.4mn t a year earlier and from 32.9mn t in May, Chinese customs data show. Output rises A rise in Indonesian coal production supported higher exports in January-April. Output during the period rose to 266.1mn t, up by 9.2pc from a year earlier, according to data from the country's energy ministry (ESDM). But the output in May and June is estimated to have slipped, taking the year-to-date tally to about 371mn t, down by 2.5pc from a year earlier. The data will likely be revised, as output is frequently reviewed in Indonesia because of a lag in some producers' reporting. Indonesian output could face pressure from heavy rains in parts of key coal-producing Kalimantan region, while production cutbacks could also affect overall production. Some coal producers could trim output in response to ongoing prices in the international market. Argus assessed Indonesian GAR 4,200 kcal/kg coal at $52.86/t fob Kalimantan on 28 June, down by 6.4pc from $57.50/t on 8 March, the highest level for 2024. It is also sharply down from a 2023 peak of $90.41/t in January last year. Weaker output could dent the export trajectory, but coal exports in May are estimated at 44.12mn t, according to data from trade analytics firm Kpler, up from 41.47mn t a year earlier. By Saurabh Chaturvedi Indonesian coal exports (mn t) Indonesia Jan-Apr coal exports by destination (mn t) Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Fire shuts Anglo American’s Australian coking coal mine
Fire shuts Anglo American’s Australian coking coal mine
Sydney, 1 July (Argus) — UK-South African mining firm Anglo American has closed its 5mn t/yr Grosvenor coking coal mine in the Bowen basin region of Australia's Queensland, after a fire broke out underground. The methane gas ignition occurred on 29 June and it is likely to take several months before the mine can restart given the damage underground, according to Anglo American. Independent regulator Resources, Safety and Health Queensland said it was assisting the firm to safely seal the mine on 1 July. Grosvenor was expected to deliver 1.2mn t of coal in July-December, down from 2.3mn t in January-June, because of a planned longwall move in the second half of 2024. Anglo American's steelmaking coal business was budgeted to produce 15mn-17mn t of coking coal in 2024 and the firm will update this guidance as more information becomes available. Anglo American is looking to exit its coal mining operations in Australia , after rejecting a takeover offer from Australian mining firm BHP. It has struggled to manage the build-up of methane from its Queensland mines over the past few years. Operations at Australia's Moranbah North mine was closed from March-May 2022, after a fatal accident raised safety concerns. The producer also stalled operations at the Grosvenor mine in May 2020 because of gas ignition issues. Argus assessed the premium hard low-volatile coking coal price at $234/t fob Australia on 28 June, down from a year-to-date high of $336.25/t on 12 January. By Jo Clarke Australian metallurgical coal prices ($/t) Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
US Supreme Court ends 'deference' to regulators
US Supreme Court ends 'deference' to regulators
Washington, 28 June (Argus) — The US Supreme Court's conservative majority, in one of its most significant rulings in years, has thrown out a landmark, 40-year-old precedent under which courts have offered federal agencies significant leeway in deciding how to regulate the energy sector and other industries. In a 6-3 ruling that marks a major blow to President Joe Biden's administration, the court's conservatives overturned its 1984 ruling Chevron v. NRDC that for decades has served as a cornerstone for how judges should review the legality of federal regulations when a statute is not clear. But chief justice John Roberts, writing for the majority, said experience has shown the precedent is "unworkable" and became an "impediment, rather than an aid" for courts to analyze what a specific law requires. "All that remains of Chevron is a decaying husk with bold pretensions," the opinion said. For decades, under what is now known as Chevron deference, courts were first required to review if a law was clear and if not, to defer to an agency's interpretation so long as the government's reading was reasonable. But the court's majority said the landmark precedent has become a source of unpredictability, allowing any ambiguity in a law to be a "license authorizing an agency to change positions as much as it likes." Roberts wrote that the federal courts can no longer defer to an agency's interpretation "simply because" a law is ambiguous. "Chevron is overruled," Roberts writes. "Courts must exercise their independent judgment in deciding whether an agency has acted within its statutory authority." The court's ruling, named Loper Bright Enterprises v. Gina Raimando, focuses on lawsuits from herring fishers who opposed a rule that could require them to pay about $710 per day for an at-sea observer to verify compliance with regional catch limits. The US Commerce Department said it believes it interpreted the law correctly, but the fishers said the "best interpretation" of the statute was that it did not apply to herring fishers. The court's three liberal justices dissented from the ruling, which they said will likely result in "large-scale disruptions" by putting federal judges in the position of having to rule on the merits of a variety of scientific and technical judgments, without the benefit of expertise that regulators have developed over the course of decades. Overturning Chevron will put courts "at the apex" of policy decisions on every conceivable topic, including climate change, health care, finance, transportation, artificial intelligence and other issues where courts lack specific expertise, judge Elena Kagan wrote. "In every sphere of current or future federal regulations, expect courts from now on to play a commanding role," Kagan wrote. The Supreme Court for years has been chipping away at the importance of Chevron deference, such as a 2022 ruling where it created the "major questions doctrine" to invalidate a greenhouse gas emission rule limits for power plants. That doctrine attempts to prohibit agencies from resolving issues that have "vast economic and political significance" without clear direction from the US Congress. That has led regulators to be hesitant in relying on Chevron to defend their regulations in court. The Supreme Court last cited the precedent in 2016. The ruling comes a day after the Supreme Court's conservatives, in another 6-3 ruling , dramatically curtailed the ability of the US Securities and Exchange Commission — and likely many other federal agencies — to use in-house tribunals to impose civil penalties. The court ruled those enforcement cases instead need to be filed as jury trials. That change is expected to curtail enforcement of securities fraud, since court cases are more resource-intensive. By Chris Knight Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Accident disrupts coal deliveries to Australian port
Accident disrupts coal deliveries to Australian port
Shanghai, 28 June (Argus) — An accident on the Blackwater railway system has disrupted coal exports from Australia's 102mn t/yr Gladstone port in Queensland, which may take some time to resolve. The accident occurred on the main Blackwater rail line that connects coking and thermal coal mines in the lower and middle Bowen basin into Gladstone, including the Curragh, Jellinbah East, Blackwater and Kestrel coking coal mines, as well as the Rolleston and Minerva thermal coal mines. A truck collided with a car at Raglan — 50km north of Gladstone — at approximately 3am Australian Eastern Standard Time (5pm GMT) on 28 June, bringing down overhead power lines and coming to a stop across the railway track. "The accident is affecting coal services on the Blackwater system, together with freight and passenger trains which use this rail corridor," a spokesperson at Queensland Coal Network operator Aurizon told Argus . Recovery work is under way and the repair process is "expected to take a number of days" to restore the line, according to Aurizon. It is unclear how long repair works may take, although it is likely to be less than a week, an Australia-based source suggested. "It's still a bit early to say [what the impact will be]," another source said. "I'd guess they will try and get one line back up and running at a slower throughput rate while other lines/electrics are fixed." The Moura rail system — which also delivers coal into Gladstone — continues to operate, delivering coal from the lower grade coking coal and pulverised coal injection (PCI) grade mines of Dawson and Baralaba. The Gladstone RG Tanna coal terminal has a vessel queue of 12 as of 25 June, from 13 on 21 May and 23 on 23 April, although this may climb if the derailment disrupts coal deliveries for more than a few days. Hard coking coal typically accounts for around a third of Gladstone's total exports, with lower-grade coking coal and thermal coal each accounting for a third. Tighter supplies ahead The accident is expected to further tighten supplies, especially with upcoming rail closures and maintenance on some of Aurizon's coal-hauling networks in July-August. The closure will involve one planned 96-hour maintenance closure on the Blackwater system and a 84-hour planned closure of the Gregory branch of the rail system. The rail operator will also carry out bridge renewal work, with one track and a two-track bridge closed for two weeks, based on plans announced last year. "It is acknowledged that [this] will result in some capacity constraints during that period," an Aurizon spokesperson said on 7 June. Argus last assessed the premium hard coking coal price at $237/t fob Australia on 27 June, down from $249.50/t on 3 June. The fob Australia low-volatile PCI price was assessed at $186.85/t fob Australia on 27 June, up from $169.15/t on 3 June. The price spread between fob Australia premium low-volatile coking coal and low-volatile PCI has tightened gradually in the last six months, from $143.35/t on 2 January to $50.15/t on 27 June. Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
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