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Dutch govt formalises renewable gas blending obligation
Dutch govt formalises renewable gas blending obligation
London, 21 May (Argus) — The Dutch government has formally submitted its renewable gas blending obligation bill to parliament, requiring suppliers to reduce a certain amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually by supplying biomethane to their end users. The bill allows for imports from other EU countries. Under the system, suppliers must submit green gas units — groengaseenheid (GGEs) — to a central registry managed by the Dutch Emissions Authority, with each unit representing 1 kg of CO2 equivalent emissions saved. Suppliers can meet their obligation — which is based on their market share of supply — by converting renewable gas guarantees of origin (RGGOs) and Proofs of Sustainability (PoS) into GGEs. To be eligible for conversion, the renewable gas must be unsubsidised and comply with RED III sustainability and GHG reduction criteria, verified through EU-recognised certification schemes such as ISCC. A key feature of the bill is that renewable gas produced in other EU member states can count towards the obligation, including gas injected into the interconnected European gas grid, provided it meets the same requirements as Dutch renewable gas. In practice, compliance would be demonstrated through the use of RGGOs and an accompanying PoS. Foreign GOOs can be transferred into the Dutch system via the Association of Issuing Bodies hub. The scheme will be aligned with the Union Database once it becomes operational for biomethane. The blending mechanism allows suppliers to pay a buyout price to cover all or part of their annual obligation not met by the provision of renewable gas, providing a ceiling price in the event of supply shortages. The proposed price is €450/t, but a sliding scale could be applied, whereby the price rises the more that a supplier uses the mechanism to cover its obligations. The proposal gives gas suppliers the option to carry over GGEs into the following calendar year, up to a maximum 10pc of the total quota, to "prevent unwanted market distortions". The overarching target of the blending obligation is to achieve a CO2 chain-emission reduction of 2.85mn t in 2031, estimated to correspond to 0.84bn m³ of production. This would be achieved through increasing annual targets, starting with a 0.63mn t CO2 chain emission reduction in 2027, corresponding to roughly 0.16bn m³ of green gas (see table) . To support long-term investments, the obligation will continue until 2035, with specific targets for 2031-2035 to be revised based on green gas production at the time. The bill will now go through the Dutch legislative process in Parliament, including the development of secondary legislation to set more detailed rules. By Giulio Bajona Green gas obligation annual targets CO₂ reduction (mn t) Year Target 2027 0.63 2028 0.92 2029 1.33 2030 1.91 2031 2.85 2032 2.85 2033 2.85 2034 2.85 2035 2.85 — Ministry of climate policy and green growth Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
UN backs ICJ climate ruling, key oil nations opposed
UN backs ICJ climate ruling, key oil nations opposed
Edinburgh, 21 May (Argus) — The UN general assembly has adopted a resolution welcoming an International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion on the obligations of countries to protect the environment from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with only eight countries opposing — including the three largest oil producers the US, Saudi Arabia and Russia. Pacific island nation Vanuatu put forward the resolution to the UN general assembly, saying "the ICJ advisory opinion confirms that the protection of the climate system is a matter of legal obligation not political discretion". It was adopted on Wednesday, 20 May, with 141 votes in favour, including the world's largest GHG emitter China, eight against and 28 abstentions. Belarus, Iran, Israel, Liberia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the US and Yemen voted against. The ICJ last year determined in an advisory opinion that all countries have an obligation to contribute to cutting emissions. This is not legally binding but could open door for more climate litigation . ICJ advisory opinions "carry significant legal and moral authority — helping to clarify and develop international law by defining states' legal obligations", the UN said. The UN resolution adopted calls on UN member states "to take all possible steps to avoid causing significant damage to the climate and environment, including emissions produced within their borders, and to follow through on their existing climate pledges under the Paris Agreement". Adoption "sends a strong message that tackling the climate crisis is a legal duty under international law, and not just a political choice," the UN said. The US opposed the resolution, with its representative saying the country has many concerns about the court's opinion. The US noted the resolution includes "inappropriate political demands relating to fossil fuels". Countries such as India, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Algeria said the resolution failed to address the obligations on the provision of finance to developing countries, saying the focus was "disproportionally" on mitigation. India, Iraq and Algeria abstained. Russia said the resolution is an attempt to make ICJ opinion "mandatory in nature". It added the resolution "selectively cites the conclusion of the advisory opinion" and the outcomes of the UN climate conferences Cops, ignoring finance and adaptation — adjusting to the effects of climate change where possible. Algeria said the resolution is excessively "highlighting and rewriting" decisions from previous Cop outcomes. The text urges members to implement measures to keep the global temperature increase to 1.5°C, including tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency by 2030, transitioning away from fossil fuels and phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies which were agreed at Cop 28 in Dubai. The UAE voted in favour of the resolution. Brazil, the Cop 30 president, also adopted the resolution, while Turkey, which will host Cop 31 in Antalya later this year, abstained. Australia, which will preside on negotiations of Cop 31, supported the resolution but said it should not be "interpreted as our agreement with every element of the advisory opinion". By Caroline Varin Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Indonesia's commodity export plan rattles coal market
Indonesia's commodity export plan rattles coal market
Singapore, 21 May (Argus) — Indonesian coal suppliers and buyers are assessing the commercial implications of Jakarta's decision to channel exports of key commodities such as coal and palm oil through state-owned enterprises (SOEs), otherwise known as BUMN, which has created uncertainty around existing supply contracts and raised questions over the role of traders. The 20 May announcement is the latest in a series of policy changes that aim to give Jakarta tighter controls over the country's coal mining industry and bolster prices. These policy shifts follow a protracted downturn in prices that began in 2022, although prices have since recovered. Argus last assessed Indonesian GAR 4,200 kcal/kg coal at $63.77/t fob Kalimantan for coal loading on Supramax vessels, the highest since May 2023. The price increase has largely been driven by supply concerns after producers faced delays in receiving their 2026 work plans and budgets (RKAB), or output quotas. Other recent measures announced by the government that aim to tighten controls include plans to slash coal output this year, revising the validity period for RKABs back to one year from three previously, withholding coal export sales proceeds in onshore bank accounts and tweaking the domestic HBA coal reference price. Jakarta also previously announced plans to introduce a coal export tax, although this has been delayed. Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and shipped about 524mn t — more than half of total global seaborne supply — in 2025, although this was down by 6pc on the year. Last year's decline in exports was the first since 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic weighed heavily on industry, denting global demand and at the same time affecting supply chain logistics. Phased rollout planned The latest policy will be rolled out in phases from June through August. Exporters will gradually shift contracts, transactions and payment flows to the BUMN, before the entity moves to full end-to-end control of transactions from September. It is unclear if there will be one enterprise or multiple entities, although a market participant said the BUMN could be linked to Danantara Indonesia. The BUMN will initially cover coal, palm oil and ferroalloys — commodities that accounted for around 23pc of Indonesia's total exports in 2025 — with the scope subject to quarterly review and possible expansion, according to research from Singapore's OCBC bank. The entity could essentially work as a marketing agent and export coal procured from domestic producers, traders said. President Prabowo Subianto cited an estimated $908bn in lost revenue over the past 34 years due to under-invoicing, transfer pricing and weak oversight of commodity export proceeds, arguing that tighter governance is needed to capture the full value of strategic commodities. The move comes at a time when the Indonesian currency has been among Asia's worst-performing in recent months, reflecting pressure from capital outflows and global dollar strength. The benchmark Jakarta Composite Index, representing 913 companies spanning sectors including commodities and energy, is down 30pc from the start of the year. Market participants said the absence of detailed transition guidance is already disrupting trade flows. A Singapore-based coal trader said there is no clarity on how existing contracts with shipments due this year will be handled, and all market participants are awaiting more operational details, which typically takes time to emerge in the commodity markets. Utilities in parts of southeast Asia as well as in India are concerned about term supplies and are seeking inputs from Indonesian suppliers on contracted deliveries. Reaction from China, the biggest buyer of Indonesian coal, has so far been cautious, with some market participants arguing that it will be difficult to implement such a policy in practice. An Indonesian coal producer acknowledged that it has received a number of calls from customers, seeking clarity on whether it will be able to fulfil contracts, but added that there are no clear answers as of now. Term supply contracts in focus The Indonesian Coal Mining Association (APBI) warned that a lack of technical clarity on how current sales will migrate to a BUMN-led structure could jeopardise long-term supply agreements, particularly multi-year offtake contracts. The industry is seeking confirmation on whether existing contracts will be honoured or will have to be renegotiated. In the spot market, at least one low-calorific value (CV) coal supplier has raised offers for July-loading Panamax cargoes of GAR 4,200 kcal/kg coal by as much as 10pc. Broader spot offers may be withheld pending policy clarity, traders said. While some market participants expect existing contracts to be honoured at least through this year, uncertainty remains elevated. Participants also raised broader structural concerns about the BUMN model. Coal transactions involve multiple technical and commercial variables — including CV, ash, moisture and sulphur content, vessel scheduling, blending requirements and payment terms — requiring significant operational expertise. The questions in the market range from operational issues involving mine planning to barge loading and transshipment to the risk of disputes, a trader said. There is also uncertainty surrounding long term off-take agreements between trading companies and producers, some of which involve pre-payments and funding arrangements. Traders with existing positions may face pressure to declare force majeure if the policy disrupts their ability to meet contractual obligations, a market participant said. The framework also adds another regulatory layer to an already complex environment that includes domestic market obligation (DMO) rules, export licensing, royalty adjustments, RKAB approvals, downstreaming requirements and directives to park sales proceeds in Indonesian banks for at least one year. An indirect policy impact could be on jobs that may be lost in the industry along with the potential removal of competition in the sector. There are also questions around the survival and existence of some trading and service companies, an official with a large southeast Asian utility said. Authorities will need to ensure private-sector incentives remain intact, OCBC said, warning that concerns about crowding out could deter investments in the coal sector, unless mitigated through policy clarity and ongoing engagement. Non-tax revenues are closely tied to commodity prices and there could be market volatility because of the plan, OCBC added. By Saurabh Chaturvedi and Andrew Jones Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Rich nations beat $100bn climate finance goal in 2023-4
Rich nations beat $100bn climate finance goal in 2023-4
London, 21 May (Argus) — Developed countries provided and mobilised climate finance totalling $132.8bn and $136.7bn in 2023 and 2024, respectively, for developing nations, exceeding a commitment to provide $100bn/yr over 2020-25, OECD data show. The levels for 2022-24 "are significantly above OECD projections from 2021 based on forward-looking commitments and estimates", the OECD said. Developed countries first hit the goal in 2022 , when they delivered $115.9bn in climate finance. Public climate finance made up the majority of the total in both 2023 and 2024, at 78.5pc and 74.3pc, respectively. Bilateral public climate finance stood at $50.2bn and $43.9bn in 2023 and 2024, while multilateral public climate finance reached $54.1bn and $57.7bn in the same timeframe. Private climate finance also rose, to $22.9bn or 17.2pc of the total in 2023, and $30.5bn or 22.3pc in 2024 — the latter a record high according to OECD data. Climate-related export credits accounted for a smaller share of the total, at $5.6bn in 2023 and $4.6bn in 2024. The bulk of the finance OECD tracked was in the form of loans — which made up 73pc in 2023 and 67pc in 2024. The level of grants has steadily increased since 2016, and reached 24pc and 29pc in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Of the bilateral loans provided, around three-quarters were concessional, with preferential terms compared with market loans, the OECD found. Loans can increase the debt burden for developing countries. Grant financing "was significantly more prominent in low-income countries", the OECD said. Most of the finance went to mitigation efforts, or cutting emissions. Finance for adaptation — adjusting to the effects of climate change where possible — rose to $33.6bn and $34.7bn in 2023 and 2024, OECD data show. Countries agreed in 2021 to double adaptation finance by 2025, from 2019 levels, suggesting a target of around $40bn for 2025. "The sectoral composition of climate finance has remained broadly stable since 2016," between mitigation, adaptation and cross-cutting finance, the OECD said. "Energy represented a very significant share of mitigation finance" over 2016-24, at around 41pc, it added. Climate finance is typically a central topic at UN Cop climate summits, as many countries note the need for financial support for their energy transitions. Almost 200 countries agreed in 2024 at Cop 29 on a goal that will see developed countries "take the lead" on providing "at least" $300bn/yr in climate finance to developing nations by 2035. This is the new iteration of the $100bn/yr goal, which covered 2020-25. The OECD does not capture all finance for climate action in developing countries, as it only tracks climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries. Data for 2025 will not be available before 2027 "at the earliest", the OECD said today. By Georgia Gratton Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2026. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
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