Latest Market News

US, Europe RE supply chain emerges from EF, Neo deal

  • Spanish Market: Metals
  • 01/03/21

US uranium producer Energy Fuels will sell mixed rare earth (RE) carbonate cracked from US monazite to Canada's Neo Performance Materials, which will separate it into rare earth oxides at its plant in Estonia, creating the beginnings of the first US-Europe rare earth supply chain in decades.

Monazite contains all the light and heavy rare earths needed for high-performance neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets, which will be critical to the transition to electric vehicles as well as many electronics and industrial applications. A byproduct of mining mineral sands for titanium and zirconium, monazite is relatively abundant, but there are development barriers. Significant quantities of uranium and thorium must be separated and removed to access the rare earths in early-stage processing known as cracking. The high cost and regulatory burden associated with this left many monazite operations around the world unviable. Today the only country that processes monazite for rare earths is China, which is importing increasing amounts.

The processing of monazite within existing infrastructure for handling radioactive materials offers a compelling solution.

"Energy Fuels provides the missing link in solving this challenge," said Constantine Karayannopoulos, chief executive of Neo Performance Materials which owns and operates the Silmet light rare earth separation plant in Estonia. "They extract valuable uranium from monazite and put it to good use while also recovering the monazite's rare earth content."

Short timeline

The development timeline for the project has been short. Two years ago Colorado-based EF began to explore using its existing uranium production capacity at the White Mesa mill in Utah to crack monazite, add the extracted uranium to its production stream, store the thorium and produce a mixed rare earth carbonate that can be sold for processing into oxides.

Early last year after initial testing, EF cracked monazite on a pilot scale at Mesa. It started collaborating with Neo in April and in October produced commercial pilot quantities of a mixed rare earth carbonate that was successfully trialled at Neo's Silmet plant. Then in December EF signed a three-year supply contract with US mining and chemical company Chemours' Offerman plant for at least 2,500 t/yr of monazite sands mined in Georgia and the southeastern US.

Under the terms of a non-binding agreement signed today, EF will process monazite concentrates supplied by Chemours at White Mesa starting in March to April. Upon completion of the commercial-scale pilot programme at White Mesa, likely during the second or third quarter of this year, Neo will purchase and process a minimum of 840 t/yr of contained total rare earth oxide for sale to its customers.

"Energy Fuels is proud to help solve this challenge for both US and European markets," EF chief executive Mark Chalmers said.

Silmet is operating at 75pc of capacity because its Russian suppliers, which have been supplying the plant with raw materials since the 1970s, are unable to provide a greater amount of rare earth carbonate. So the supply from White Mesa will make use of available processing capacity without disrupting existing production.

The future

EF anticipates sending all or a large portion of its mixed rare earth carbonate to Neo for several years. It is also evaluating the potential to develop rare earth separation and other downstream capabilities at White Mesa.

Significant quantities of monazite are produced around the world from heavy mineral sand mining operations and there are large resources in the US, Australia, India and South Africa. EF is seeking to secure additional supply of monazite and has set a goal of processing 15,000 t/yr. It estimates that this would only represent 2pc of existing throughput and tailings capacity at White Mesa.

Silmet does not currently have the capacity to recover heavy rare earth elements, such as dysprosium and terbium which are needed for high-performance rare earth magnets. The White Mesa material will primarily be used to produce neodymium and praseodymium oxides, which are the largest rare earth component by volume in magnets, as well as other light rare earth value-added products. But as sufficient demand develops in Europe, Neo will look at adding heavy rare earth separation capacity at Silmet.


Related news posts

Argus illuminates the markets by putting a lens on the areas that matter most to you. The market news and commentary we publish reveals vital insights that enable you to make stronger, well-informed decisions. Explore a selection of news stories related to this one.

04/11/24

US railroad-labor contract talks heat up

US railroad-labor contract talks heat up

Washington, 4 November (Argus) — Negotiations to amend US rail labor contracts are becoming increasingly complicated as railroads split on negotiating tactics, potentially stalling operations at some carriers. The multiple negotiating pathways are reigniting fears of 2022, when some unions agreed to new contracts and others were on the verge of striking before President Joe Biden ordered them back to work . Shippers feared freight delays if strikes occurred. This round, two railroads are independently negotiating with unions. Most of the Class I railroads have traditionally used the National Carriers' Conference Committee to jointly negotiate contracts with the nation's largest labor unions. Eastern railroad CSX has already reached agreements with labor unions representing 17 job categories, which combined represent nearly 60pc of its unionized workforce. "This is the right approach for CSX," chief executive Joe Hinrichs said last month. Getting the national agreements on wages and benefits done will then let CSX work with employees on efficiency, safety and other issues, he said. Western carrier Union Pacific is taking a similar path. "We look forward to negotiating a deal that improves operating efficiency, helps provide the service we sold to our customers" and enables the railroad to thrive, it said. Some talks may be tough. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (BLET) and Union Pacific are in court over their most recent agreement. But BLET is meeting with Union Pacific chief executive Jim Vena next week, and with CSX officials the following week. Traditional group negotiation is also proceeding. BNSF, Norfolk Southern and the US arm of Canadian National last week initiated talks under the National Carriers' Conference Committee to amend existing contracts with 12 unions. Under the Railway Labor Act, rail labor contracts do not expire, a regulation designed to keep freight moving. But if railroads and unions again go months without reaching agreements, freight movements will again be at risk. By Abby Caplan Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

US light vehicle sales hit 6-month high in Oct


04/11/24
04/11/24

US light vehicle sales hit 6-month high in Oct

Houston, 4 November (Argus) — Domestic sales of light vehicles climbed in October, rising to a seasonally adjusted rate of 16mn on the back of greater truck purchases. Sales of light vehicles — trucks and cars — increased from a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 15.8mn in September, the Bureau of Economic Analysis reported today. Last month's rate was the highest since 16.1mn in April and greater than the 15.3mn unit rate in October 2023. US consumers, boosted by solid hiring and salary gains, stepped up purchases as borrowing costs have started to come down in the wake of the Federal Reserve's half point cut in its target rate in September, the first cut since Covid-19 struck in early 2020. With inflation nearing the central bank's 2pc target, the Fed has signaled another 200 basis points of rate cuts are likely into 2026. Sales of light truck sales increased by 1.6pc to just under a 13mn unit rate in October, while sales of cars rose by 2.2pc to a 3.1mn unit rate in the same timeframe. Domestic auto production rose to a seasonally adjusted rate of 123,900 in September from 121,500 in August. That compared with 143,400 in September 2023. Auto assemblies are reported with a one-month lag to sales. By Alex Nicoll Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Mexico GDP outlook dims in October survey


04/11/24
04/11/24

Mexico GDP outlook dims in October survey

Mexico City, 4 November (Argus) — Private-sector analysts have again lowered their projections for Mexico's gross domestic product (GDP) growth this year, with minimal changes in inflation expectations, the central bank said. For a seventh consecutive month, median GDP growth forecasts for 2024 have dropped in the central bank's monthly survey of private sector analysts. In the latest survey conducted in late October, analysts revised the full-year 2024 growth estimate to 1.4pc, down from 1.46pc the previous month. The 2025 forecast also dipped slightly, to 1.17pc from 1.2pc. The latest revisions are relatively minor compared to the slides recorded in preceding surveys, suggesting negativity in the outlook for Mexico's economy may be moderating. This aligns with the national statistics agency Inegi's preliminary report of 1.5pc annualized GDP growth in the third quarter, surpassing the 1.3pc consensus forecast by Mexican bank Banorte. Inflation projections for the end of 2024 inched down to an annualized 4.44pc from 4.45pc, while 2025 estimate held unchanged at 3.8pc. September saw a second consecutive month of declining inflation, with the CPI falling to 4.58pc in September from 4.99pc in August. The survey maintained the year-end forecast for the central bank's target interest rate at 10pc, down from the current 10.5pc. This implies analysts expect two 25-basis-point cuts to the target rate, most likely at the next meetings on 14 November and 19 December. The 2025 target rate forecast held steady at 8pc, with analysts anticipating continued rate reductions into next year. The outlook for the peso remains subdued, following political shifts in June's elections that reduced opposition to the ruling Morena party. The median year-end exchange rate forecast weakened to Ps19.8 to the US dollar from Ps19.66/$1 in the previous survey. The peso was trading weaker at Ps20.4/$1 on Monday, reflecting temporary uncertainty tied to the US election. Analysts remain wary of Mexico's political environment, especially after Morena and its allies pushed through controversial constitutional reforms in recent months. In the survey, 55pc of analysts cited governance issues as the primary obstacle to growth, with 19pc pointing to political uncertainty, 16pc to security concerns and 13pc to deficiencies in the rule of law. By James Young Mexican central bank monthly survey Column header left October September Headline inflation (%) 2024 4.45 4.44 2025 3.80 3.80 GDP growth (%) 2024 1.40 1.46 2025 1.17 1.20 MXN/USD exchange rate* 2024 19.80 19.66 2025 20.00 19.81 Banxico reference rate (%) 2024 10.00 10.00 2025 8.00 8.00 Survey results are median estimates of private sector analysts surveyed by Banco de Mexico from 17-30 October. *Exchange rates are forecast for the end of respective year. Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Striking Boeing workers to vote on new proposal


01/11/24
01/11/24

Striking Boeing workers to vote on new proposal

Houston, 1 November (Argus) — Boeing workers next week will vote on a third labor proposal from the aerospace manufacturer that could end a seven-week work stoppage that has halted production of several commercial aircraft programs. More than 32,000 Boeing employees represented by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAMAW) will cast their ballots on 4 November after union leadership and the company struck a tentative agreement on Thursday. The new offer comes with a 38pc general wage increase (GWI) spread over four years and a $12,000 ratification bonus — both up from 35pc and $7,000, respectively, from Boeing's previous proposal that workers rejected on 24 October. Sticking points during contract negotiations have centered around pay raises, with workers seeking a 40pc GWI, and the reinstatement of employees' pension plans. The latter is not addressed in the company's latest offer. Boeing's machinists have been on strike since 13 September, putting a squeeze on the company's finances with output of its flagship 737 MAX aircraft stalled. Production of Boeing's 767 and 777 models also has been disrupted. If the deal is approved, the earliest workers could return to their jobs would be 6 November, with everybody having to be back by 12 November at the latest, the union said. By Alex Nicoll Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

US job growth slumps in October, jobless rate at 4.1pc


01/11/24
01/11/24

US job growth slumps in October, jobless rate at 4.1pc

Houston, 1 November (Argus) — The US added only 12,000 nonfarm jobs in October, reflecting the impacts of two hurricanes, a strike at aircraft manufacturer Boeing and a slowing trend in hiring prompted by high borrowing costs. The unemployment rate remained unchanged at 4.1pc, still close to a five-decade low of 3.4pc reached in early 2023, the Labor Department reported today. Last month's gains were far fewer than the 113,000 forecast by analysts surveyed by Trading Economics. Job gains for the prior two months were revised down by a combined 112,000 jobs, leaving September with a still robust 233,000 and August with 78,000 jobs. A Labor Department report earlier this week showed job openings in September were at their lowest since January 2021. Still, job gains for the 12 months through October averaged 194,000, a little higher than the 12-month period before Covid-19 struck the US beginning in early 2020, causing millions of job losses and a sharp but short recession. Today's employment report, the last before next week's US presidential election, cements odds of a quarter point cut in the Federal Reserve's target rate next week to nearly 100pc from about 96pc Thursday, according to CME's FedWatch tool. The Fed cut its rate by half a point in late September, the first cut since 2020, as it is just beginning to loosen monetary policy after the sharpest tightening in decades to battle surging price gains. Inflation has since moved close to its 2pc target and job gains have gradually slowed, even as the economy remains robust, growing by nearly 3pc in the second and third quarters of the year. Hurricane Helene made landfall in northern Florida in late September and slammed northwards into Georgia, the Carolinas and Virginia, leaving major damage in its wake. Hurricane Milton struck Florida on 9 October, within the period of both surveys used for the job report. About 32,000 unionized workers at Boeing have been on strike since early September. Job growth trended up in government and in health care and social services, which added 40,000 and 51,000, respectively, while manufacturing declined by 46,000, partly due to strikes. Construction added 8,000 jobs. Average hourly earnings edged up to an annual 4pc from 3.9pc. By Bob Willis Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Generic Hero Banner

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more