Chile advancing green hydrogen regulations

Spanish Market: Electricity, Emissions, Fertilizers, Hydrogen, Metals, Petrochemicals
24/03/21

Chile is finalizing the initial part of new regulations for its emerging green hydrogen industry.

A document that orients developers on how to present proposed projects to the electricity and fuels regulator (SEC) will be completed soon.

"The authorities are reviewing a preliminary version and we hope to have a final version in coming weeks," the energy ministry told Argus.

The process of drafting the regulations started at the end of September, shortly before the government announced a national green hydrogen strategy. The regulations will cover installations for hydrogen production, treatment, storage, ground transport and consumption.

Green hydrogen — produced by water electrolysis that is powered by solar, wind or other renewable sources — is a pillar of Chile's pledge to reach carbon neutrality in 2050.

The parties hammering out the regulations include a technical committee comprised of representatives of the energy ministry, the SEC, the national energy commission (CNE), the mining ministry and the national geological and mining service (Sernageomin).

Also participating is a technical working group that includes the technical committee and other public-sector representatives tasked with analyzing, observing and validating the proposals. A broader public-private working group, which held its first meeting in December, incorporates the technical working group and more than 25 representatives from industry, academia and the private sector.

Issues under discussion include access to government-owned land. Developers are seeking to bypass lengthy auctions conducted by the national assets ministry in favor of direct awards to mitigate uncertainty and lower costs.

Projects taking shape

The most advanced green hydrogen project in Chile is led by Andes Mining and Energy (AME), which plans to start construction in April on a methanol-to-gasoline pilot project in the deep south. The Highly Innovative Fuels (HIF) project will use green hydrogen to produce carbon-neutral methanol, gasoline and other products such as LPG, applying ExxonMobil's methanol-to-gasoline technology.

Another leading green hydrogen developer is France's Engie, which is working with Chile's copper mining industry to decarbonize heavy transport and introduce green ammonia for manufacturing mining explosives.

On the horizon for the fledgling industry is the launch of a tender for $50mn in subsidies from development agency Corfo for green hydrogen projects. The tender launch has not yet been scheduled, Corfo said.

By Patricia Garip

Related news posts

Argus illuminates the markets by putting a lens on the areas that matter most to you. The market news and commentary we publish reveals vital insights that enable you to make stronger, well-informed decisions. Explore a selection of news stories related to this one.

28/04/25

Trump works to blunt renewables growth

Washington, 28 April (Argus) — US president Donald Trump has started to impede development of renewable energy projects he sees as boondoggles, but he is facing challenges to his attempts to halt government funding and tax credits for the sector. Trump has attacked wind turbines and solar projects as part of a "Green New Scam" that should not be built, based on his preference for the fossil fuel-fired and nuclear power plants he says are more reliable and affordable. Trump selected a cabinet of like-minded individuals who oppose renewables and see little urgency to address climate change. He was elected to end the "nonsense" of building renewable resources that are heavily subsidised, make the grid less reliable and raise costs, energy secretary Chris Wright said in an interview on Earth Day. Interior secretary Doug Burgum on 16 April ordered Norwegian state-controlled Equinor to "immediately halt" construction of the 810MW Empire Wind project off New York. Trump had already ordered a freeze on future offshore wind leases , and suspending Empire Wind's permits is likely to spook investors even outside the renewables sphere. To reverse course on a fully permitted project is "bad policy" that "sends a chilling signal to all energy investment", American Clean Power Association chief executive Jason Grumet says. The US last week separately said it would impose anti-dumping duties on solar components imported from four southeast Asian countries that will range from 15pc to 3,400pc. Those duties — in effect from June to support US solar manufacturers — will be in addition to a 10pc across-the-board tariff the US imposed this month on most imports. Solar industry groups have said that steep import duties will make new installations unaffordable, stunting the industry's ability to grow. Trump has had less success in his push to axe support for renewables approved under Joe Biden. On 15 April, a federal judge ordered the administration to unfreeze billions of dollars for clean energy projects provided by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and 2021 infrastructure law. The administration lacks "unfettered power to hamstring in perpetuity two statutes", judge Mary McElroy wrote. In a separate ruling on 15 April, judge Tanya Chutkan prohibited the administration from suspending $14bn in grants distributed to nonprofits under the IRA for a greenhouse gas reduction programme. The administration is appealing both rulings. Targeting the windfall Trump could further undermine the growth of renewables by convincing Republicans in Congress to use an upcoming filibuster-proof budget package to repeal or narrow the IRA's tax credits for wind, solar and other clean energy projects. Critics of that law see the potential for $1 trillion in savings by repealing its tax credits, which could offset the costs of more than $5 trillion in planned tax cuts. But there appear to be enough votes in each chamber of Congress to spare at least some of the IRA's energy tax credits. In the Senate, where Republicans can only afford to lose three votes, Alaska's Lisa Murkowski and three other Republicans signed a joint letter this month saying "wholesale repeal" of the tax credits would fuel uncertainty and undermine job creation. In the House of Representatives, where Republicans have a similarly slim majority, 21 Republicans voiced concerns earlier this year about repealing all of the tax credits. Renewables are on track to overtake natural gas as the largest source of US electricity by 2030 — assuming the tax credits and climate rules enacted under Biden remain intact — the EIA stated this month in its Annual Energy Outlook . The amount of power from renewables under the EIA's existing policy baseline by 2035 will increase by 135pc to 2.8bn MWh, while gas-fired power will decline by 14pc to 1.6bn MWh over the same time period. By Chris Knight Baseline US net power generation Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Japan’s coking coal imports extend downtrend in March

28/04/25

Japan’s coking coal imports extend downtrend in March

Singapore, 28 April (Argus) — Japan's coking coal imports extended a downtrend in March, reflecting the prolonged downturn in the steel sector, which has weighed on raw material demand. The country imported 2.57mn t of coking coal in March, down by 18pc on the year but up by 5pc from February, according to data from the country's finance ministry. Shipments dropped by 10pc to 8.15mn t in January-March 2025 from a year earlier. Top supplier Australia shipped 19pc less volume from a year earlier at 1.78mn t, and volumes in January-March fell by 18pc from 2024 to 5.59mn t. Arrivals from Canada fell to 192,903t in March, down by over 60pc compared with a year and month earlier, but January-March volumes rose by 11pc on the year to 1.22mn t. Metallurgical coke imports rose by around 30pc on the year and month to 78,729t in March, with volumes in January-March 28pc higher on the year at 255,804t. Crude steel production from basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) rose by 3pc on the year to 5.3mn t. But output could fall in coming months. Japanese steel producer JFE will suspend operations at one of its three BOF in the West Japan Works from around mid-May on the back of lower steel demand in domestic and export markets, the firm announced on 2 April. This is expected to lower annual crude steel output by around 15pc. Meanwhile, the mill will proceed to invest in an electric arc furnace (EAF) facility in western Okayama, which could begin commercial operations in April-June 2028. Other steelmakers such as Nippon Steel and Kobe Steel have also been making the shift from BOF to EAF. The Argus premium low-volatile hard coking coal price fob Australia averaged $174.84/t in March, down by 7pc from February. By Xiuqi Huang Japan's coal imports Origin Mar 25 Mar 24 y-o-y ± % Feb 25 m-o-m ± % Jan-Mar 2025 Jan-Mar 2024 y-o-y ± % Coking coal ('000t) Australia 1,781 2,206 -19 1,522 +17 5,589 6,780 -18 Canada 193 493 -61 554 -65 1,221 1,103 +11 US 297 215 +38 252 +18 743 848 -12 Indonesia 298 230 +29 85 +249 495 329 +50 Colombia 0 0 n/a 25 -100 25 0 n/a Others 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 80 48 +67 Total 2,569 3,144 -18 2,438 +5 8,153 9,109 -10 Met coke (t) China 74,633 57,426 +30 56,445 +32 222,202 188,235 +18 Others 4,096 4,069 +1 3,713 +10 33,602 11,323 +197 Total 78,729 61,495 +28 60,158 +31 255,804 199,558 +28 Source: Japan Finance Ministry Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Australia’s Lynas cuts Jan-Mar rare earth oxide output

28/04/25

Australia’s Lynas cuts Jan-Mar rare earth oxide output

Sydney, 28 April (Argus) — Australian mineral producer Lynas Rare Earths reduced its rare earth oxide output by 46pc on the year in January-March, because of maintenance and improvement work across multiple plants. Lynas left its total oxide production target for the fiscal year ending 30 June unchanged at 10,500t in its January-March quarterly report on 28 April. The company's improvements should enable it to increase production over April-June, following two quarters of declining output. Lynas produced 1,911t of rare earth oxides, including 1,509t of neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr) oxide, in January-March. The company cut its NdPr oxide production by 12pc on the year over that period, prioritising NdPr oxide over other rare earth oxides ( see table) . NdPr oxide accounted for 79pc of the company's total oxide output in January-March, down from 49pc a year earlier. But Lynas' NdPr oxide share of production may drop in April-June. The company built dysprosium and terbium processing circuits in Malaysia last quarter, and expects to start refining the minerals in May and June, respectively. Lynas' expansion into dysprosium and terbium production comes as Chinese manufacturers — the largest exporters of dysprosium and terbium — weigh the impact of recent rare earth export controls, with some firms limiting offers . Lynas produces oxides in Malaysia using rare earths mined and initially processed in Western Australia (WA). The company spent the January-March quarter doing kiln maintenance work in Malaysia and improving its WA processing methods. Its Malaysian work finished during the quarter and its WA improvements are ongoing, the company said on 28 April. Lynas chemically treated rare earth carbonates from its WA plant before converting them to oxides in October-December, because of sulphate impurities, slowing production over the quarter. Its WA process changes are meant to prevent that from happening again. Lynas continued work on a Texas rare earth plant in January-March. The company is in talks with the US government over funding support for the project, the company said on 28 April. Recent US tariffs and water treatment issues could increase its Texas project costs, it added. The first Trump administration backed Lynas' US project in 2019, invoking the Defence Production Act to fund marketing, engineering, and design work. Argus ' praseodymium-neodymium oxide min 99pc fob China price has been quite volatile over the past three months. The price was last assessed at $56,000/t on 25 April, down from $62,250/t on 24 February and $57,150/t on 27 January. By Avinash Govind Lynas Oxide Production Jan-Mar '25 Jan-Mar '24 Oct-Dec '24 Jul-Mar '25 Jul-Mar '24 y-o-y Change (%) YTD Change (%) Rare earth oxide (total) | t 1,911 3,545 2,617 7,250 8,720 -46 -17 NdPr oxide | t 1,509 1,724 1,292 4,478 4,151 -12 7.9 NdPr oxide share | % 79 49 49 62 48 62 30 Lynas Rare Earths Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

China's NP/NPS exports hit record high in January-March

28/04/25

China's NP/NPS exports hit record high in January-March

Singapore, 28 April (Argus) — China's NP/NPS exports jumped by more than eightfold to an all-time high of about 614,000t over January-March, latest trade data show, as it is a more affordable alternative to DAP/MAP, given tighter phosphate export availability and higher fertilizer prices globally. This was largely driven by record-high shipments to Brazil and India in the first quarter, both of which did not receive any NP/NPS exports a year earlier. Shipments to Brazil and India reached 315,000t and 94,000t respectively in January-March. China exported more formulas, including NP 8-40-0, to Brazil so far this year as a lower-priced alternative to MAP, given higher fertilizer prices in Brazil. Indian importers are also seeking more NPKs and NPS, such as 20-20-0+13S, because of a lack of DAP fertilizer supply out of China. Such imports into India also allow the importer to maintain a positive margin under the current subsidy and maximum retail price, as compared to importing DAP. China's NPK exports over January-March also nearly tripled from a year earlier to 169,000t, which is also a four-year high, largely driven by an eightfold increase in shipments to the Philippines, its largest importer at about 63,000t. Favourable weather conditions this year led to more local rice production, according to the Philippines' Department of Agriculture, likely contributing to an increase in demand for complex fertilizers. The El Niño phenomenon hit the Philippines in the first quarter of 2024, when prolonged periods of dry spells damaged about 780,000 hectares of crops across 271,000t of agricultural land, which likely affected fertilizer demand and affordability last year. Lower prices of 16-20 from China in the first quarter compared to a year earlier, according to Argus , also likely boosted affordability levels. Some Chinese DAP producers have switched their production line to producing NP/NPS to cater to the growing demand from overseas buyers, alongside the end of the domestic spring season and slowing domestic demand for DAP. The lack of clarity on DAP/MAP exports also supported Chinese phosphate producers in pivoting to more NP/NPS exports . Exports availability of phosphates may reduce shipments of NP/NPS in favour of DAP/MAP. Suppliers are also expecting more demand from Brazil this year, according to market participants, as China is likely to import more soybeans from Brazil in light of recent tariffs imposed on US imports. Firm DAP prices in India are also likely to continue pushing Indian importers to buy more NP/NPS. Importers in India have cancelled at least three sales of DAP above $690/t cfr from Russia and Tunisia. But there was no confirmation of the cancellations from the suppliers. By Camila Tay China NP/NPS exports 2024 (t) Brazil India Australia Vietnam Others Total January 60,600 26,500 38,196 16,219 10,514 152,029 February 129,553 0 12,520 13,993 68,689 224,755 March 124,680 67,900 0 15,481 29,524 237,585 Total 314,833 94,400 50,716 45,693 108,727 614,369 Source: GTT China NPK exports 2024 (t) Philippines Myanmar Laos Australia Others Total January 24,064 8,654 8,977 832 23,449 65,976 February 3,168 12,080 2,628 286 18,916 37,078 March 35,640 10,744 2,009 15,481 2,315 66,189 Total 62,872 31,478 13,614 16,599 44,680 169,243 Source: GTT Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Japan’s Erex starts up biomass power plant in Vietnam

28/04/25

Japan’s Erex starts up biomass power plant in Vietnam

Tokyo, 28 April (Argus) — Japan's renewable energy developer Erex has started commercial operations at the 20MW Hau Giang biomass-fired power plant in Vietnam, the company announced on 25 April. The power plant in southern Vietnam's Hau Giang province is Erex's first biomass-fired generation project in the country and burns around 130,000 t/yr of rice husks. The electricity generated by the plant is sold under Vietnam's feed-in tariff (FiT) scheme. Erex aims to build up to 18 biomass-fired power plants in Vietnam following Hau Giang, and five plants in Cambodia. The company has started building two 50MW plants in northern Vietnam. These plants are expected to come on line by mid-2027 and burn wood residues. Erex also plans wood pellet production projects in southeast Asia, with up to 20 factories in Vietnam and several ones in Cambodia. The company's first wood pellet factory in Vietnam with a capacity of 150,000 t/yr has already started commercial production in late March. Erex's profits from projects in Vietnam and Cambodia are expected to grow rapidly and will account for more than half of its whole profits around 2030, according to the company. By Takeshi Maeda Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more