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Caribbean aspires to reinvent downstream relics

  • Spanish Market: Crude oil, Oil products
  • 08/07/21

More than 1mn b/d of Caribbean refining capacity is nearly all on ice, with a recent shutdown in the US Virgin Islands underscoring dim prospects for a comeback.

Built by major oil companies last century and later orphaned by Venezuelan state-owned PdV, the refineries are seen as industrial relics that cannot compete with US Gulf coast plants.

Despite weak economics and ample availability of short-haul fuel supply, a few Caribbean countries still rely on the refineries for jobs and revenue, more so during the Covid-19 pandemic that devastated tourism. Some are turning to storage tanks, offshore logistics and LNG to try to monetize the aging assets and languishing brownfield sites. Others are still hoping to revive conventional refining.

Trinidad and Tobago, for one, has re-launched a tender for its 165,000 b/d Pointe-a-Pierre refinery following the late 2020 collapse of a sale agreement with a labor union-owned company. The deadline for proposals is 23 July. Defunct state-owned Petrotrin mothballed the refinery in late 2018.

Dutch Caribbean islands Curacao and Aruba are courting investors for assets that were once part of PdV's nearshore logistical network. A Dutch-led consortium is the latest candidate to restart the 335,000 b/d Isla plant that PdV used to run. Trading company Mercuria is leasing storage at the Bullen Bay terminal in the meantime.

Aruba's 235,000 b/d San Nicolas refinery, dismantled by Valero in 2012, was supposed to have been refurbished by PdV's US refining arm Citgo before the $1.1bn project derailed in 2019. US firm Eagle LNG plans to install a terminal there. Aruba is hoping a US consortium will rebuild a modern refinery on the site as well. The projects are on hold while a new government is formed following June parliamentary elections.

Jamaica and the Dominican Republic are still partially operating their small refineries which estranged 49pc partner PdV had once promised to upgrade and expand. Jamaica wants an investor to rejuvenate its 35,000 b/d Kingston refinery but the island may need to settle for converting it into a storage terminal instead. PdV is suing for compensation for Jamaica's February 2019 expropriation of its stake.

The Jamaican refinery is currently processing around 23,500 b/d of imported crude.

Uncertainty over PdV's share in the Dominican Republic's 34,000 b/d Haina plant, as well as volatile market conditions, are contributing to a delay in a terminal transition and sale plan, the government says. The refinery is currently running 27,200 b/d of imported crude.

In May the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered the recently revived 200,000 b/d Limetree Bay refinery on the US Virgins Islands to close after a coker-related accident. A restart is uncertain. The refinery, a 525,000 b/d regional behemoth in its day, was previously owned by Hovensa, a joint venture between PdV and US independent Hess.

Off the Caribbean downstream radar is Cuba, where operational data on the state-owned 65,000 b/d Cienfuegos refinery is sketchy. Feedstock is limited by a shortage of hard currency and US sanctions on its traditional supplier PdV, but sporadic crude imports include an 830,000 bl cargo of Algerian Saharan blend in June.


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05/05/25

California refinery closures panic politicians

California refinery closures panic politicians

Houston, 5 May (Argus) — California could lose up to 17pc of its refining capacity within a year, triggering major concerns about its tightly supplied and frequently volatile products market. US independent Valero announced on 16 April that it will shut or repurpose its 145,000 b/d Benicia refinery near San Francisco by April 2026. The firm is also evaluating strategic alternatives for its 85,000 b/d Wilmington refinery in Los Angeles. And independent Phillips 66 said in October that it would shut its 139,000 b/d Los Angeles refinery in the fourth quarter of this year. Valero's Benicia announcement brought a quick reaction from state officials. Governor Gavin Newsom on 21 April urged regulators at the California Energy Commission (CEC) to work closely with refiners through "high-level, immediate engagement" to make sure Californians have access to transport fuels. He has ordered them to recommend by 1 July any changes to California's approach that are needed to ensure adequate fuel supply during its energy transition. The message appears to have hit home. The CEC delayed a vote on new refinery resupply rules to provide time for additional feedback and consultation with stakeholders after the Valero announcement. The CEC also plans to introduce a rule this year for minimum inventory requirements at refineries in the state as well as possible rules on setting a refiner margin cap. The new rules are part of an effort by Newsom to mitigate fuel price volatility in California, including the signing of two pieces of legislation known as AB X2-1 and SB X1-2. Refiners have been unhappy with the state's regulatory and enforcement environment for some time. It is "the most stringent and difficult" in North America owing to 20 years of policies pursuing a move away from fossil fuels, Valero chief executive Lane Riggs says. The long and short of it Refinery closures are fuelling long and short-term supply concerns in California. The most immediate is an anticipated supply crunch at the end of this summer. Phillips 66's plan to shut the Los Angeles refinery by October will deal a significant blow to the state's refining capacity and is likely to occur at a time when Californian gasoline prices are most prone to volatility. The US west coast is an isolated market, many weeks sailing time from alternative supply sources in east Asia or the US Gulf coast. California's strict product specifications further limit who can step in when refinery output falls. The state sometimes sees price spikes in late summer and early autumn because the switch from summer gasoline blends leaves local inventories low while in-state refineries adjust to producing winter grades. California gasoline prices spiked in September 2022 when stocks fell to a nine-year low on the west coast. Spot deliveries hit a record $2.45/USG premium to Nymex Rbob futures in the Los Angeles market at the time (see graph). Production problems at several refineries in southern California led to another spot price surge in September 2023. The California Air Resources Board (Carb) permitted an earlier switch to cheaper winter gasoline production in response to both events. Refinery closures will force California to rely on imports in the longer term, leaving the state exposed to stretched supply lines. State regulators' proposed solutions have raised eyebrows. The CEC's Transportation Fuels Assessment report in August last year included a policy option in which California would buy and own refineries, which the state is not pursuing. Another option involves state-owned products reserves to allow rapid deployment of fuel when needed. The CEC and Carb regulators will also release a draft transportation fuels transition plan later this year. By Eunice Bridges and Jasmine Davis Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Australia’s election gives LNG, fuels sector certainty


05/05/25
05/05/25

Australia’s election gives LNG, fuels sector certainty

Sydney, 5 May (Argus) — Australia's governing Labor party's second majority term could mean that changes to the offshore permitting regime promised last year are signed into law, while east coast LNG businesses will avoid a planned reservation system proposed by the opposition. Labor's victory at the 3 May election combined with the election of fewer members from the Greens party and climate-focused independents, could mean it faces less pressure to cancel fossil fuel projects. But it will remain reliant on the Greens to pass laws through the nation's upper house — the senate — meaning Labor may need to negotiate the passage of bills with the leftist party if the Liberal-National-based coalition opposes its measures. The Greens ran on a promise to ban new coal, oil and gas projects but won fewer seats than in 2022 because of preference flows. A federal decision on the lifetime extension of the Woodside Energy-operated 14.4mn t/yr North West Shelf (NWS) LNG delayed by Labor, is now looking more positive for the firm. The firm sees approval as vital to progressing its Browse gas development offshore northwestern Australia. Voters' rejection of the opposition Coalition on the nation's east coast means its policy to reserve a further 50-100PJ (1.34bn-2.68bn m³/yr) from the Gladstone-based LNG exporters will not proceed. The result provides an opportunity for certainty and stability for the energy sector, upstream lobby Australian Energy Producers said. The group urged the government to focus on new supply as Australia's gas reserves for domestic use rapidly deplete. The government will need to specify exactly how it aims to secure supplies to ensure stable supply, once coal-fired generators retire at the end of the 2020s and into the 2030s. This is because the nation's integrated system plan is based on Labor's policy of reaching 82pc renewable energy in the power grid, backed up by about 15GW of gas-fired power. Industry will await further direction stemming from the Future Gas Strategy which canvassed solutions to Australia's declining gas supply including new pipelines, storage and seasonal LNG imports. Permitting concerns In the government's previous three-year term, a series of court-ordered requirements to consult with affected Aboriginal groups briefly disrupted multi-billion dollar LNG developments. Labor promised to specify through new laws exactly which groups must be consulted before approvals could be granted. But these were dropped from the agenda in early 2024 following opposition by the Greens. Labor's resources minister Madeleine King blamed the Greens for obstructionist manoeuvres on this legislation, but it remains unclear if and when Labor might introduce such laws. Conversely, the Coalition promised to end government support for anti-gas lobbies such as law group the Environmental Defenders Office — set to continue under Labor. In liquid fuels, Labor's victory should boost Australia's electric vehicle (EV) sales, with emissions standards laws set to remain enforced. The Coalition had said it would soften the laws because of concern over cost of living pressures. Plans to temporarily cut the fuel excise will also not progress. Australia's EV take-up has stalled, and industry has blamed this on poor investment in recharging infrastructure and other policy settings, including the removal of the fringe benefits tax exemption for plug-in hybrid car models. A re-elected Labor government is likely to further policy towards a mandate for sustainable aviation fuel or renewable diesel, given the growing share of Australia's emissions projected to come from the transport industry. It pledged A$250mn ($162mn) for low-carbon liquid fuels development in March , for low-carbon liquid fuels development in March, as part of its commitment to the nascent sector. Local market participants are optimistic that further biofuels support will be provided as urgency to meet net zero ambitions builds, including a 2030 target of 43pc lower emissions based on 2005 levels. About A$6bn/yr of feedstocks like canola, tallow and used cooking oil are exported from Australia, while existing ethanol and biodiesel producers are running underutilised plants, making about 175mn litres/yr at present, because of poorly-enforced blending mandates. By Tom Major Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Crude futures slump after Opec+ output decision


05/05/25
05/05/25

Crude futures slump after Opec+ output decision

Singapore, 5 May (Argus) — Crude oil futures slumped to new four-year lows in Asian trading today after a core group of Opec+ members agreed to further increase output. The front-month July Ice Brent contract fell by 4.6pc to a low of $58.50/bl. June WTI futures on Nymex traded as low as $55.30/bl, a drop of 5.1pc. Prices fell after eight Opec+ members agreed on 3 May to accelerate a plan to unwind production cuts . Saudi Arabia, Russia, the UAE, Kuwait, Iraq, Algeria, Oman and Kazakhstan will raise their collective output target by 411,000 b/d in June, three times as much as planned in the original roadmap to gradually unwind 2.2mn b/d of crude production cuts by the middle of 2026. Prices fell despite the prospect of further violence in the Middle East. A ballistic missile fired by Yemen's Houthi militant group hit Israel's main airport early on 4 May, prompting several airlines to suspend flights to the country. Israel pledged to retaliate against the Houthis and the group's backers in Tehran. By Kevin Foster Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Opec+ eight agree accelerated hike for June: Update


03/05/25
03/05/25

Opec+ eight agree accelerated hike for June: Update

London, 3 May (Argus) — A core group of eight Opec+ members has agreed to accelerate, for a second consecutive month, their plan to unwind some of their production cuts, the Opec secretariat said Saturday. As it did for May, the group will again raise its collective output target by 411,000 b/d in June, three times as much as it had planned in its original roadmap to gradually unwind 2.2mn b/d of crude production cuts by the middle of next year. The original plan envisaged a slow and steady unwind over 18 months from April, with monthly increments of about 137,000 b/d. But today's decision means that the eight — Saudi Arabia, Russia, the UAE, Kuwait, Iraq, Algeria, Oman and Kazakhstan — will have unwound almost half of the 2.2mn b/d cut in the space of just three months. The decision to maintain this accelerated pace into June is somewhat surprising, given the weakness in oil prices and the outlook for the global economy. The eight's decision last month to deliver a three-in-one hike in May was seen as a key reason for the recent slide in oil prices, alongside US President Donald Trump's tariff policies. Front month Ice Brent futures have fallen by about $13/bl since early April to stand at just over $61/bl. But the eight today pointed to "current healthy market fundamentals, as reflected in the low oil inventories" as a key factor in its latest decision. It reiterated, as it has in the past, that the gradual monthly increases "may be paused or reversed subject to evolving market conditions." As was the case for May, delegates said that the main driver for the June hike was again a desire to send a message to those countries that have persistently breached their production targets since the start of last year — most notably Kazakhstan and Iraq, which each have significant overproduction to compensate for through the middle of next year. "This measure will provide an opportunity for the participating countries to accelerate their compensation," the secretariat said. This group of eight is due to next meet on 1 June to review market conditions and decide on July production levels. By Nader Itayim, Aydin Calik and Bachar Halabi Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Opec+ eight to agree another accelerated hike for June


03/05/25
03/05/25

Opec+ eight to agree another accelerated hike for June

London, 3 May (Argus) — A core group of eight Opec+ members look set to today to accelerate, for a second consecutive month, their plan to unwind some of their production cuts, four delegates told Argus . As it did for May, the group would again raise its collective output target by 411,000 b/d in June, three times as much as it had planned in its original roadmap to gradually unwind 2.2mn b/d of crude production cuts by the middle of next year. The original plan envisaged a slow and steady unwind over 18 months from April, with monthly increments of about 137,000 b/d. But today's decision would mean that the eight — Saudi Arabia, Russia, the UAE, Kuwait, Iraq, Algeria, Oman and Kazakhstan — will have unwound almost half of the 2.2mn b/d cut in the space of just three months. The decision to maintain this accelerated pace into June would be somewhat surprising, particularly given the weakness in oil prices and the outlook for the global economy. The eight's decision last month to deliver a three-in-one hike in May was seen as a key reason for the recent slide in oil prices, alongside US President Donald Trump's tariff policies. Front month Ice Brent futures have fallen by about $13/bl since early April to stand at just over $61/bl. While Opec+ has said that it is acting to support an expected rise in summer demand, the decision to speed up the output increases once again appears to be driven by a desire to send a message to countries that have persistently breached their production targets — most notably Kazakhstan and Iraq. By Aydin Calik, Bachar Halabi and Nader Itayim Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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