Baixa liquidez de adubos pode causar gargalo logístico

Spanish Market: Agriculture, Fertilizers
30/06/23

A baixa liquidez no mercado brasileiro de fertilizantes tem deixado vários setores preocupados com a possibilidade de gargalos logísticos quando os produtos armazenados nos portos forem transportados.

A comercialização de soja e milho estão abaixo dos níveis do ano anterior devido aos preços mais baixos. Isso contribui para a compra mais lenta de insumos para a safra de soja de 2023-24, mesmo com as taxas de relação de troca em níveis mais favoráveis para os agricultores. As entregas de fertilizantes ao mercado têm sido mais lentas desde o início do ano. De acordo com dados da Associação Nacional para Difusão de Fertilizantes (Anda), 12 milhões de t foram entregues entre janeiro e março, queda de 3,7pc em comparação com o mesmo período de 2022.

A situação também é afetada pelo cancelamento de contratos de compra de fertilizantes. Alguns agricultores estão se recusando a receber adubos cujos contratos foram assinados em períodos anteriores e a preços mais altos.

Nesse caso, a queda no frete rodoviário de fertilizantes é ainda mais acentuada neste ano, devido à menor demanda pelo serviço de transporte até o momento. Em junho de 2022, o frete na rota Paranaguá-Rondonópolis atingiu um preço médio de R$ 243/t, queda de 21pc em relação a janeiro de 2022, quando o frete atingiu um dos níveis mais altos do ano. Em junho de 2023, o frete na mesma rota foi de R$ 201/t, queda de 35pc em relação a janeiro.

Na rota Santos/Cubatão-Rondonópolis, a taxa média de frete em junho de 2022 atingiu R$ 253/t, queda de 16,2pc em relação a janeiro. Em junho de 2023, o frete médio foi de R$ 243/t, queda de 22pc em relação a janeiro.

Portanto, existe a preocupação de que as entregas restantes de fertilizantes armazenados também sejam mais lentas, especialmente de algumas origens, pois há o risco de enfrentar longas filas nos portos brasileiros, mesmo com a expectativa de menores importações de fertilizantes em 2023.

As importações de fertilizantes do Brasil neste ano estão atrasadas em relação ao ano passado. De acordo com os dados do Global Trade Tracker (GTT), considerando os principais tipos de fertilizantes e matérias-primas, 15,6 milhões de t foram importadas entre janeiro e maio de 2023, queda de 8pc em comparação com o mesmo período do ano passado. Um grande volume foi importado em 2022 nesse período, devido às preocupações sobre o conflito entre Rússia e Ucrânia.

No entanto, os estoques de fertilizantes são altos, o que contribui para uma maior oferta no mercado doméstico. De acordo com dados da Anda, no fim de 2022 os estoques estavam em 9,2 milhões de t, aumento de 19,1pc em relação aos 7,7 milhões de t mantidos no fim de 2021. Portanto, há um volume significativo a ser entregue aos agricultores.

Isso também pode aumentar os custos logísticos, já que, com a maior demanda por transporte, os fretes de fertilizantes com origem nos principais portos do país devem aumentar em meio à concorrência por veículos disponíveis.

Nessa equação logística para o transporte rodoviário de fertilizantes, a colheita da segunda safra de milho de 2022-23 pode ajudar a baratear o frete de fertilizantes devido às condições de frete-retorno. Quando os volumes de fertilizantes chegam ao seu destino, se houver cargas de grãos disponíveis para transporte, motoristas podem aceitar um frete melhor.

Porém, com a queda nas cotações e nos prêmios de exportação, que caíram mais intensamente desde março, a tendência é que agricultores optem por manter grãos e oleaginosas armazenados, aguardando preços mais altos para o segundo semestre. Há também um volume significativo de soja aguardando negociação, o que impacta as condições de frete-retorno de fertilizantes. Nesse caso, o frete de fertilizantes acaba sendo mais caro, já que a pior situação para os caminhoneiros é rodar sem carga na estrada, uma vez que isso deprecia os veículos e os motoristas não recebem nada.

Novas possibilidades no Arco Norte

O crescimento da importância dos portos do Arco Norte na exportação de grãos já é uma realidade, pois se trata de uma via relevante para as exportações brasileiras.

Essa região vem ganhando mais atenção de agricultores, especialmente do estado de Mato Grosso, o maior produtor de soja do país. Também está se tornando um ponto logístico para a movimentação de combustíveis da região Centro-Norte.

Essas novas condições contribuem para aliviar a fila de navios e o fluxo de caminhões que normalmente se concentram principalmente nos portos de Santos e Paranaguá. O porto brasileiro de Vila do Conde, no Pará, foi recentemente liberado para exportar milho para o mercado chinês.

Com o aumento da relevância dos grãos, o segmento de fertilizantes não fica para trás, não apenas como origem diferente, mas também como alternativa modal ao transporte rodoviário. A empresa de logística VLI iniciou a operação da ferrovia que liga o porto do Itaqui, no Maranhão, ao estado do Tocantins. O corredor tem capacidade para transportar 1,5 milhão de t/ano de fertilizantes e deve atender à demanda de agricultores de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Bahia, Piauí e Tocantins, além do Distrito Federal.

Por João Petrini

Frete de fertilizante x Frete de grãos (Paranaguá) R$/t

Frete de fertilizante x Frete de grãos (Santos) R$/t

Variação do frete de fertilizante (caminhão) Santos-Rondonópolis R$/t

Variação do frete de fertilizante (caminhão) Paranaguá-Rondonópolis 36-40t R$/t

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31/12/24

Viewpoint: Supply concerns drive RSO backwardation

London, 31 December (Argus) — Strong export estimates for Australian and Ukrainian rapeseed and canola could offset lower projected levels from Canada, but EU crushers are wary about a supply shortfall for the rest of their 2024-25 crop year. The European Commission forecasts EU 27 rapeseed production at around 17mn t for 2024-25, down from average of 18.2mnt in the previous four crop years. With the EU 27 average rapeseed crush at around 25mn t, based on data from vegetable oil association Fediol, the bloc will need to find 7mn t of rapeseed and canola on the import market for its needs, which include RSO production for transformation into biodiesel. Australia, Ukraine to fill the gap? Australia, which typically delivers 50-70pc of its canola exports to the EU, is forecast to export 4.1mn t in 2024-25, according to the country's agriculture department Abares. Estimates for EU rapeseed imports from major exporter Ukraine vary. The USDA FAS Kyiv earlier this year forecast rapeseed exports from the war-torn country at around 3.6mn t in 2024/25 — a 22pc increase from 3mn t in 2023-24 partly due to expectations of decreased domestic crush levels. Argus estimates this slightly lower, at 3.4mn t — a 6pc increase from its 2023-24 export forecast of 3.22mn t — all of which is likely to make its way to EU countries. But canola production in Canada, one of the EU's key suppliers, is forecast by Statistics Canada at the lowest since 2021-22 at 17.8mn t, probably resulting in an export shortfall compared with previous years. Increased domestic crush levels and rising demand in non-EU countries such as China, Japan and Mexico, which "generally have a willingness to pay more for quality product" according to the USDA — referring to non-GMO treated canola — could reduce EU-bound flows in the coming months. Current- and new-crop RSO in steep backwardation The forward structure between rapeseed oil (RSO) fob Dutch mill current-crop 2024-25 contracts — comprising spot 5-40 days loading and February-March-April (FMA) and May-June-July (MJJ) RSO strips — and the August-September-October (ASO) new-crop contract for 2025 has moved into an unusually steep backwardation in recent months, driven by concerns about rapeseed availability before the start of the 2025-26 crop year. Argus' assessments for the ASO strip were at an average discount of around €80/t ($84/t) to FMA and MJJ contracts as of 13 December. This compares with a curve that saw current- versus new-crop contracts in contango through December 2022 and 2023. This means biodiesel producers will probably have to continue to work with thin margins. Although rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) fob ARA range prices have followed RSO prices higher, comparatively larger gains on the feedstock outlay have pressured operations. The price spread between spot RME and RSO prices averaged $150/t in the first of half of December, compared with around $200/t in the same period of 2023. Looming agricultural trade barriers Global agricultural trade barriers that have either begun or are planned will be decisive drivers of global vegetable oil prices and trade flows in the new year. China said in September it would start an anti-dumping investigation into canola from Canada. Canola exports from Canada to China are usually between 2mn-4mnt. Indonesia plans to introduce a B40 biodiesel blending mandate in 2025 and has already introduced export permit requirements on palm oil residues, which has sent Malaysian palm oil futures to multi-year highs. In the US, president-elect Donald Trump's announcement about the imposition of 25pc tariffs on all US imports from Canada and Mexico has lead to volatility in the wider vegetable oil complex as well. By Madeleine Jenkins EU rapeseed imports by country of origin mn t Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Pupuk Indonesia issues farmers subsidised fertilizers

31/12/24

Pupuk Indonesia issues farmers subsidised fertilizers

Singapore, 31 December (Argus) — State-owned fertilizer producer Pupuk Indonesia has distributed about 7.25mn t of subsidised fertilizers to registered domestic farmers as of 23 December, the company said. The distributed volumes have exceeded the government-mandated target by 0.5pc and include about 3.36mn t of urea, 3.49mn t of NPK fertilizers, 42,700t of specialised NPK formulas, and 46,500t of Pupuk's Petroganik organic fertilizers. Pupuk Indonesia's current fertilizer stock availability for the domestic market is around 1.47mn t as of 23 December, comprising of subsidised and non-subsidised products. Subsidised fertilizer stocks amount to 1.04mn t, consisting of 546,700t of urea, 445,500t of NPK, 16,300t of specialised NPK formulas, and 35,600t of organic fertilizers. Non-subsidised fertilizer stocks are at 428,600t, consisting of 357,400t of urea and 71,200t of NPK fertilizers. Around 400,000t of the current fertilizer stock has also been given to distributors and kiosks to ensure smooth delivery to farmers on 1 January 2025, the company said. The current allocation of subsidised fertilizers at the sub-district level has been finalised at 100pc across all regions, Jekvy Hendra, director of fertilizers and pesticides at Indonesia's ministry of agriculture, said. By Dinise Chng Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Viewpoint: Crop-based feedstocks face an uphill battle

30/12/24

Viewpoint: Crop-based feedstocks face an uphill battle

Houston, 30 December (Argus) — US biofuel producers' demand for soybean and canola oil has waned recently, a trend that looks unlikely to reverse in the near term because of domestic policy changes that prioritize lower carbon intensity feedstocks. Expectations that a US renewable diesel boom would drive up demand for vegetable oil led agribusinesses to announce new soybean crush plants and expansions in 2022. Seven new soybean crush plants have come online since then, increasing US nameplate capacity by 10pc to 2.91bn bushels/yr, but new policies have diverged from crop-based feedstocks because of their higher carbon intensity. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) voted to adopt new low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) targets on 6 November. CARB hiked the carbon-intensity reduction target of California's transportation fuels from 20pc to 30pc by 2030, in hopes of balancing the pool of oversupplied LCFS credits, which alone reduced incentives for crop-based fuels. But more critically, the new rules will impose tighter restrictions for crop-based feedstocks, capping a company's LCFS credit generation from vegetable oil-based biofuel at 20pc/yr, starting in 2028 for existing plants. Apart from that, CARB will require producers to track the point of origin of crop-based feedstocks, adding to costs. Soybean oil-based biofuel already fetches a lower LCFS credit value in California, and the additional traceability requirement could further deter biofuel producers. Soybean oil- and canola oil-based fuel made up approximately 20pc of the biodiesel and renewable diesel traded into California during the second quarter of 2024, according to CARB's most recent quarterly data. While soybean oil is the most used feedstock in US biodiesel production, used cooking oil (UCO) leads US renewable diesel production. Biofuels produced with lower carbon-intensity feedstocks like UCO, tallow and distillers corn oil receive generous LCFS credits compared to soybean oil and canola oil. That credit premium has led to a surge in UCO and tallow imports into the US , weighing on demand for soybean oil and leading to outcry from farm groups to restrict foreign feedstocks from qualifying for the Clean Fuel Production Credit (CFPC). More challenging is the expiration of the blenders tax credit (BTC) by the end of 2024, which offers $1/USG to biomass-based diesel regardless of the carbon intensity of their feedstocks. The CFPC, also known as the 45Z credit under the Inflation Reduction Act, will replace the BTC in 2025. Unlike the BTC, the CFPC will provide a tax credit based on how low the carbon intensity of the fuel is to a baseline level of 50kg of CO equivalent/mmBTU. This means crop-based diesel fuels will receive far less credit value starting next year than they received for years under the BTC. Some renewable diesel and biodiesel producers are set to idle production in January amid a lack of clarity on how the tax credit changes will impact fuel and feedstock demand. Biofuel and agriculture groups are also waiting final guidance for "climate-smart agricultural practices" and how that would factor into the final 45Z credit for vegetable oil-based biofuels. These climate-smart practices might include no-till farming, planting cover crops, efficient fertilizer use, and more. The US Department of Agriculture recently sent guidelines on climate-smart agricultural crops used as biofuel feedstocks to the White House for final review, giving the industry some hope that they will qualify for a bigger federal credit under 45Z. But how much crop feedstocks will be able to close the gap with waste feedstocks is unclear. US soybean oil futures fell to 39.52¢/lb as of 27 December, down by 17pc from the start of 2024, weighed down by the prospects of a large South American soybean crop and lackluster demand from the US biofuel industry. The US Department of Agriculture's December World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates report projected Brazil's 2024-25 soybean production at 169mn t, 10pc higher compared to the prior year. Argentina soybean production was forecast at 52mn t, up by 7.9pc from a year earlier. Soybean planting is ongoing in both regions, with Brazil at 98pc completion as of 22 December and Argentina at 85pc as of 26 December. Some relief from falling soybean oil future prices has come from increased US soybean oil exports, driven by palm oil prices hitting their highest level since 2022. US export commitments for soybean oil were at 526,630t as of 19 December, nearly surpassing the US Department of Agriculture's currently projected level for 2024-25 marketing year. Mexico is among the major buyers of US soybean oil, but if president-elect Donald Trump imposes 25pc tariffs on imports from Mexico , retaliatory action could affect soybean oil demand. Despite the support from soybean oil export sales, the vegetable oil industry will still need support from the US biofuel industry for prices to recover. And should palm oil prices fall, US soybean oil producers will not be able to rely as much on international markets, leaving them to lean more heavily on fighting for changes in US biofuels policy. By Jamuna Gautam Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Viewpoint: US acid market in west to east split in 2025

30/12/24

Viewpoint: US acid market in west to east split in 2025

Houston, 30 December (Argus) — Vastly different dynamics are expected for the western and eastern US sulphuric acid markets in 2025. Lower output from producers in the western US and Canada will keep supply constrained for much of 2025, likely driving west coast US sulphuric acid imports higher during the year. But balanced dynamics will keep the southeastern US and Gulf coast markets competitive, shielding both regions from the global market dynamics. Deliveries of sulphuric acid to the US west coast from January-October of 2024 climbed by 35pc on the year to 188,700t, according to US Census data, making up for lower-than-expected output from producers, which squeezed availability throughout the region. The closure of Simplot's Lathrop, California, sulphur burner at the beginning of 2024 had already reduced baseline supply on the US west coast. Market sources expect output at Teck's Trail Operations in British Columbia, Canada, to be reduced through at least the first half of 2025 because of technical issues with the facility's electrolytic zinc plant following a fire in late September. Sources said that less volumes were available from the company's western Canadian facility during annual contract negotiations this year as a result. In its third quarter earnings release Teck reduced outlook for 2024 zinc production from its Trail Operations facility by 13.3pc as a result of the fire at the plant, but has not provided guidance for byproduct acid production or zinc production in 2025. In Utah, lower output from Rio Tinto's 1mn t/yr Kennecott smelter is expected to continue into 2025. Reduced copper ore quality has contributed to lower copper concentrate production from the facility. The company is expected to continue to purchase copper concentrate from a third-party supplier to support smelter utilization. Balance rules in the east But in the eastern US, steady output from domestic producers has matched, and sometimes outpaced, demand in the region. This trend has kept prices relatively steady and spot import demand reduced from previous levels. Despite a 6.3pc year to year increase to total US sulphuric acid imports during January-October to 2.9mn t, the bulk of the increase came from higher volumes of spot imports into Houston, Texas, according to US Census data. Deliveries to other major ports in the US Gulf and east coast sank by 28pc. Deliveries of sulphuric acid into the port of Houston from January-October jumped to 264,200t, more than doubling the 115,100t arriving during the same period in 2023. Sulphuric acid imports to other ports in the Gulf coast and east coast fell significantly from January-October, dropping by 28pc to 359,800t compared with 497,900t during the same time in 2023. Spot trade into the US Gulf coast and southeast has been quiet for much of the year, aside from consistent spot shipments into Houston. Market participants expect the balanced nature of the market to continue through much of 2025, reducing the need for imports on contract and spot basis. Prices in a tightly-supplied global merchant market remain largely uneconomic for US-based distributors. The imbalanced relationship of prices in the US and the merchant market has kept bids far from offers, slowing spot trade into the Gulf coast and southeast. By Chris Mullins Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

QatarEnergy Marketing raises Jan sulphur price by $3/t

30/12/24

QatarEnergy Marketing raises Jan sulphur price by $3/t

London, 30 December (Argus) — State-owned QatarEnergy Marketing raised its January Qatar Sulphur Price (QSP) to $166/t fob, up by $3/t from December's $163/t fob Ras Laffan/Mesaieed. The January QSP implies a delivered price to China of $185-191/t at current freight rates, which were last assessed on 19 December at $19-21/t to south China and $23-25/t to Chinese river ports for a 30,000-35,000t shipment. The announced monthly QSP fob price has risen by $92/t over a year, from $74/t fob Qatar in January 2024. By Maria Mosquera Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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