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Renovabio: Usinas alertam distribuidoras inadimplentes

  • Spanish Market: Biofuels
  • 11/04/25

Grandes grupos do setor sucroalcooleiro começaram a alertar clientes de que poderão deixar de fornecer etanol a distribuidoras em desconformidade com a Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis (Renovabio) e normas da Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP).

As informações foram confirmadas à Argus participantes do mercado, entre traders, corretores e funcionários da área de inteligência de mercado de companhias do setor de distribuição, que dizem que as comunicações começaram no fim de março.

Segundo as fontes, que falaram sob a condição de anonimato, Atvos, Evolua e Raízen teriam começado a comunicar distribuidoras inadimplentes em suas metas de aposentadoria de créditos de descarbonização (Cbios) de que elas correm o risco de não poder mais adquirir etanol via contratos de fornecimento de longo prazo, regidos pela resolução nº 946/2023 (que modificou a antiga 67/2011) da ANP.

Todas as companhias citadas foram procuradas pela Argus, mas decidiram não comentar sobre o assunto ou não responderam até o fechamento desta reportagem.

A movimentação das usinas vem com o fim da carência de 90 dias para a entrada em vigor de pontos da nova lei que endurece punições contra distribuidoras inadimplentes (Lei nº 15.082/2024). A norma, apesar de sancionada no fim de 2024, ainda não foi regulamentada pelo governo federal.

A lei determina que o descumprimento das metas individuais estabelecidas pelo Conselho Nacional de Política Energética (CNPE) constitua crime ambiental e leve à revogação da autorização para o exercício de atividade do distribuidor, além da cobrança de multa, que pode chegar a R$500 milhões. Ela também proíbe agentes da cadeia de comercializar com essas empresas nesta situação.

Mas a aplicação imediata de parte das sanções enfrenta obstáculos legais. Em resposta a questionamentos feitos pela ANP, representantes da Procuradoria Federal junto à autarquia reforçaram entendimento de que a nova lei não deve retroagir. Isso significa que sanções mais duras só valeriam para metas não cumpridas a partir do ciclo de 2025, sendo aplicadas apenas em 2026.

Apesar da limitação para o enforcement imediato por parte do regulador, os grandes grupos do setor de açúcar e etanol já começaram a se movimentar para cumprir com suas obrigações legais.

Segundo fontes, uma primeira medida estaria relacionada ao fechamento dos próximos contratos de fornecimento, que vão de 1º de junho de um ano a 31 de maio do ano subsequente e vinculariam o fornecimento à situação das distribuidoras compradoras.

Batalha jurídica

Das 160 distribuidoras com metas estabelecidas no Renovabio, 60 iniciaram o ciclo de 2025 com menos Cbios aposentados do que deveriam. Destas, 13 já entraram na Justiça contra o programa e hoje mantêm alguma decisão liminar favorável às suas causas, segundo dados disponibilizados pela própria autarquia.

Raízen e Evolua, líderes do setor sucroalcooleiro no Centro-Sul, são joint-ventures entre produtores e as distribuidoras Shell e Vibra ‒ ambas em conformidade com o Renovabio e críticas às distorções provocadas por distribuidoras regionais inadimplentes.

Segundo dados da ANP, as 3 maiores distribuidoras do país têm sofrido com uma perda de participação de mercado nos últimos anos, saindo de um total de 66pc em 2022 para 62pc em 2024. Parte do movimento é justificado por elas pelo não atendimento de empresas concorrentes ao Renovabio e alegadas fraudes no cumprimento do mandato de mistura de biodiesel no diesel. Neste período de 2 anos, o share somado das 5 maiores inadimplentes em Cbios avançou de 5,5pc para 6,5pc.

A Associação Nacional de Distribuidores de Combustíveis (ANDC), que representa distribuidoras regionais de pequeno e médio porte, protocolou, em fevereiro, petição à ANP denunciando a atitude de alguns fornecedores de biocombustíveis de recusar a venda de produto. O grupo argumenta que "o poder de polícia cabe ao poder público" e que a atitude das produtoras "fere a defesa da ordem econômica".

Na ocasião, o órgão regulador respondeu que as listas divulgadas por ela com as distribuidoras que respondem a processos administrativos sancionadores "não podem ainda ser consideradas para fins de restrição no suprimento de combustíveis", já que a nova lei dos Cbios ainda não foi regulamentada.

A ANDC reclama de "falta de participação social" nas discussões sobre a regulamentação do Renovabio e no próprio comitê governamental do programa. A associação diz que, depois dessas movimentações, não observou casos de produtores de biocombustíveis negando a venda de produto para distribuidoras.


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17/04/25

Japan’s Mitsui invests in US e-fuel producer

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FincoEnergies joins FuelEU compliance market


16/04/25
16/04/25

FincoEnergies joins FuelEU compliance market

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Funding cuts could delay US river lock work: Correction


14/04/25
14/04/25

Funding cuts could delay US river lock work: Correction

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IMO GHG pricing not yet Paris deal-aligned: EU


14/04/25
14/04/25

IMO GHG pricing not yet Paris deal-aligned: EU

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Malaysian Fathopes to reach SAF plant FID by 1Q 2026


14/04/25
14/04/25

Malaysian Fathopes to reach SAF plant FID by 1Q 2026

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