25/03/28
Global energy mix evolves as electricity demand surges
Global energy mix evolves as electricity demand surges
Climate change is becoming a bigger factor behind electrification, but cleaner
energy use is slowing the growth in global emissions, writes Georgia Gratton
London, 28 March (Argus) — A substantial increase in electricity demand —
boosted by extreme weather — drove an overall rise in global energy demand in
2024, lifting it well above the average pace of increase in recent years, OECD
energy watchdog the IEA announced this week. This led to a rise in natural gas
consumption, although renewables and nuclear shouldered the majority of the
increase in demand, leaving oil's share of total energy demand below 30pc for
the first time. Global energy demand rose by 2.2pc in 2024 compared with 2023 —
higher than the average demand increase of 1.3pc/yr between 2013 and 2023 —
according to the Paris-based agency's Global Energy Review . Global electricity
consumption increased faster, by 4.3pc, driven by record-high temperatures —
that led to increased cooling needs — as well as growing industrial consumption,
the electrification of transport and the rapid growth of power-hungry data
centres needed to support the boom in artificial intelligence, the IEA says.
Renewables and nuclear covered the majority of growth in electricity demand, at
80pc, while supply of gas-fired power generation "also increased steadily", the
IEA says. New renewable power installations reached about 700GW in 2024 — a new
high. Solar power led the pack, rising by about 550GW last year. The power
generation and overall energy mix is changing, as economies shift towards
electrification. The rate of increase in coal demand slowed to 1.1pc in 2024,
around half the pace seen in 2023. Coal remained the single biggest source of
power generation in 2024, at 35pc, but renewable power sources and nuclear
together made up 41pc of total generation last year, IEA data show. Nuclear
power use is expected to hit its highest ever this year, the agency says. And
"growth in global oil demand slowed markedly in 2024", the IEA says, rising by
0.8pc compared with 1.9pc in 2023. A rise in electric vehicle (EV) purchases was
a key contributor to the drop in oil demand for road transport, and this offset
"a significant proportion" of the rise in oil consumption for aviation and
petrochemicals, the IEA says. Blowing hot and coal Much of the growth in coal
consumption last year was down to "intense heatwaves" — particularly in China
and India, the IEA found. These "contributed more than 90pc of the total annual
increase in coal consumption globally", for cooling needs. The IEA repeatedly
noted the significant effect that extreme weather in 2024 had on energy systems
and demand patterns. Last year was the hottest ever recorded, beating the
previous record set in 2023, and for CO2 emissions, "weather effects" made up
about half of the 2024 increase, the watchdog found. "Weather effects
contributed about 15pc of the overall increase in global energy demand,"
according to the IEA. Global cooling degree days were 6pc higher on the year in
2024, and 20pc higher than the 2000-20 average. But the "continued rapid
adoption of clean energy technologies" restricted the rise in energy-related CO2
emissions, which fell to 0.8pc in 2024 from 1.2pc in 2023, the IEA says.
Energy-related CO2 emissions — including flaring — still hit a record high of
37.8bn t in 2024, but the rise in emissions was lower than global GDP growth.
Key "clean energy technologies" — solar, wind and nuclear power, EVs and heat
pumps — collectively now prevent about 2.6bn t/yr CO2 of emissions, the IEA
says. But there remains an emissions divide between advanced and developing
economies. "The majority of emissions growth in 2024 came from emerging and
developing economies other than China," the agency says, while advanced
economies such as the UK and EU cut emissions last year and continue to push
ahead with decarbonisation. Global energy suppy by fuel EJ Growth ±% 2024 2023
2022 24/23 23/22 Total 648 634 622 2.2 1.8 Renewables 97 92 89 5.8 3.1 Nuclear
31 30 29 3.7 2.2 Natural gas 149 145 144 2.7 0.7 Oil 193 192 188 0.8 1.9 Coal
177 175 172 1.2 2.0 Global power generation by fuel TWh Growth ±% 2024 2023 2022
24/23 23/22 Total 31,153 29,897 29,153 4.2 2.6 Renewables 9,992 9,074 8,643 10.0
5.0 Nuclear 2,844 2,743 2,684 3.7 2.2 Natural gas 6,793 6,622 6,526 2.6 1.5 Oil
738 762 801 -3.2 -4.8 Coal 10,736 10,645 10,452 0.9 1.8 Global power generation
by country TWh Growth ±% 2024 2023 2022 24/23 23/22 World 31,153 29,897 29,153
4.2 2.6 US 4,556 4,419 4,473 3.1 -1.2 EU 2,769 2,718 2,792 1.9 -2.6 China 10,205
9,564 8,947 6.7 6.9 India 2,059 1,958 1,814 5.2 7.9 Global CO2 emissions by
country mn t Growth ±% 2024 2023 2022 24/23 23/22 World 37,566 37,270 36,819 0.8
1.2 US 4,546 4,567 4,717 -0.5 -3.2 EU 2,401 2,455 2,683 -2.2 -8.5 China 12,603
12,552 12,013 0.4 4.5 India 2,987 2,836 2,691 5.3 5.4 *includes industrial
process emissions — IEA Send comments and request more information at
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