Investidores pedem regulação para hidrogênio brasileiro

: Biofuels, Biomass, Electricity, Emissions, Fertilizers, Hydrogen, Metals
23/09/20

O Brasil tem potencial para se tornar um dos principais fornecedores globais de hidrogênio, mas iniciativas para ampliar a produção necessitam de regulação do governo, afirmam investidores e pesquisadores.

"Uma paridade de preço competitiva [em relação a combustíveis fósseis] depende de incentivos e esforços do governo para estimular o movimento de zerar emissões", disse o gerente de desenvolvimento de produtos da Mercedes-Benz, João Marcos Leal, em evento do setor, realizado em São Paulo.

O potencial do hidrogênio no país se apoia na diversidade de fontes de energia renovável, além da experiência com o uso de biomassa como matéria-prima para combustíveis. O governo federal estima uma capacidade produtiva de aproximadamente 1,8 bilhão de t/ano da commodity, comparado às atuais 1 milhão de t/ano.

O presidente da Comissão de Transição Energética e Produção de Hidrogênio Verde da Câmara dos Deputados, Arnaldo Jardim, está trabalhando em um modelo regulatório para o hidrogênio.

O deputado reforçou a necessidade de uma "neutralidade tecnológica" na escolha das rotas de produção e defendeu a definição por uma categoria de baixo carbono do elemento químico.

Jardim disse que o governo estabelecerá medidas para a ampliação do hidrogênio como matriz energética. "Queremos iniciativas como tratamento tributário e garantias de que o governo possa conduzir leilões ou ter seu poder de compra utilizado para estimular a questão do hidrogênio."

Durante o evento, o parlamentar também sugeriu um pacote para estimular a demanda doméstica, como no uso da amônia verde, fertilizantes, aço verde, além dos setores de refino e transportes.

O país já possui um plano trienal para o hidrogênio, entre 2023-2025, no qual constam plantas em todas as regiões até 2025. Segundo o documento, o próximo passo é a consolidação do país como produtor competitivo da commodity de baixo carbono até 2030.

Tais perspectivas, no entanto, são incompatíveis com as ações do governo para o setor, devido à falta de um marco regulatório, na visão da Associação Brasileira de Energia Solar Fotovaltaica (Absolar). O presidente da entidade, Eduardo Tobias, destacou o uso da energia solar para produzir hidrogênio via eletrólise.

A Associação Brasileira de Energia Eólica (Abeeolica) também encorajou a produção do renovável a partir fontes verdes. "O custo do hidrogênio produzido usando energia de eólicas offshore já é muito competitivo", disse o diretor técnico da associação, André Themoteo. A Abeeolica prevê o início das operações da primeira usina eólica offshore do Brasil em 2030.

Portos preparam infraestrutura

Os portos brasileiros vêm anunciando novas infraestruturas para a produção de hidrogênio, na esteira de discussões crescentes sobre transição energética no país.

O porto do Açu, no Rio de Janeiro, planeja construir um polo de hidrogênio de baixo carbono de 4 gigawatts (GW), com capacidade para produzir 604.000 t/ano da commodity, 1,9 milhão de t/ano de amônia e 315.000 t/ano de e-metanol.

O projeto atenderá, principalmente, a demanda da indústria de fertilizantes. Além disso, há planos para beneficiar as movimentações de minério de ferro no porto e atender às demandas do setor marítimo, informou Eduardo Kantz, diretor executivo de ESG e questões institucionais do Porto do Açu.

O porto de Pecém, no Ceará, também terá um polo de hidrogênio. O pedido de licença ambiental já foi feito e a expectativa é de que que a produção de hidrogênio comece em 2027, de acordo com Fabio Grandchamp, vice-presidente de operações do complexo portuário.

Movimento similar é observado no porto de Suape, em Pernambuco, enquanto o porto de Santos, em São Paulo, considera a construção de uma planta de hidrogênio verde utilizando energia gerada pela sua usina hidroelétrica de Itatinga (SP), com capacidade de 15MW.

Por Laura Guedes

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