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Uisa quer tornar seu etanol carbono negativo

  • : Biofuels, Emissions
  • 23/09/21

A Uisa, empresa sucroalcooleira da região Centro-Oeste, aposta na evolução dos mercados de carbono e na importância das credenciais de sustentabilidade do agronegócio para expandir seus negócios.

O projeto de captura e armazenamento de carbono da companhia pela rota da bioenergia (BECCS, na sigla em inglês) está ganhando tração: a Uisa planeja injetar o carbono da produção de etanol em Nova Olímpia (MT), na Bacia Sedimentar do Parecis.

Com a inevitabilidade da precificação do carbono, a produção com emissão negativa de gases de efeito estufa (GHG, na sigla em inglês) pode tornar o biocombustível da companhia ainda mais competitivo no mercado internacional.

Em entrevista à Argus, Caetano Grossi, gerente de sustentabilidade da empresa, fala sobre a iniciativa e os próximos passos para a estruturação do mercado de carbono no país. A seguir, os principais trechos da conversa.

Como o carbono pode agregar valor para uma usina sucroalcooleira?

Temos uma ampla gama de projetos e iniciativas voltadas para a neutralização de CO2, com intuito de melhorar a nossa nota de eficiência no contexto da Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis (Renovabio) e, consequentemente, a geração de Cbios. Hoje, essa é a terceira maior receita da companhia, atrás apenas do açúcar e do etanol.

Mas, a Uisa também trabalha em iniciativas nessa área para além do Renovabio, como a geração de créditos de carbono vinculados a áreas de reserva legal, por exemplo. O próximo passo é o BECCS.

O que o BECCS vai proporcionar?

O processo de fermentação para a fabricação do etanol gera CO2, que é o mesmo que a cana capturou no campo através da fotossíntese. Esse carbono é devolvido para a atmosfera, então, ficamos empatados no zero a zero. São emissões consideradas biogênicas, naturais da própria cultura e que não penalizam a companhia.

Com o BECCS, conseguiremos capturar esse CO2 e devolvê-lo para o solo, ou seja, teremos emissões negativas. Ao invés de descartar, vamos capturar o carbono e injetá-lo no solo.

A tecnologia não é nova, é similar ao que é amplamente usado na indústria de óleo e gás, inclusive pela Petrobras. Estamos fazendo um estudo geológico e sísmico dentro de uma área de interesse próxima da nossa companhia para identificar o local adequado de perfuração do poço, que deve ter entre 2.000-2.500m de profundidade.

As condições são similares ao projeto anunciado pela FS?

Eles são bem similares. Uma diferença é que o nosso poço ficará a cerca de 20km de distância da planta industrial, então teremos que construir um gasoduto para transportar o CO2 comprimido para o ponto de injeção. Já o poço da FS ficou praticamente dentro da planta.

No mês passado, fiz uma visita à planta da ADM, em Illinois, nos Estados Unidos, que atingiu capacidade de injetar 1.000t de CO2 por dia. A nossa previsão é de injetar até 2.000t de CO2 por dia, porque o nosso volume de produção de etanol é bastante significativo.

Quais são os mercados cativos para esse etanol com pegada negativa de CO2? A indústria do combustível de aviação sustentável (SAF, na sigla em inglês)?

Sim, exatamente. Com a expansão do etanol de milho no Brasil, particularmente aqui no Mato Grosso, acredito que as biorrefinarias priorizarão a produção de açúcar para o mercado interno e buscarão novas linhas de comercialização para o etanol, tanto para a indústria do SAF quanto para o mercado europeu de combustíveis, onde o apelo ambiental do carbono negativo é muito maior.

Já somos certificados pelo Conselho de Qualidade do Ar do Estado da Califórnia [CARB] para exportar etanol combustível sob o Padrão de Combustível de Baixa Emissão de Carbono [LCFS] do estado.

No contexto do SAF, o etanol precisa ser certificado para ser usado como matéria-prima, que é o que estamos buscando hoje com a Certificação Internacional em Sustentabilidade e Carbono [ISCC Corsia Plus].

A construção de uma planta de etanol de milho foi um dos primeiros projetos anunciados após a reestruturação da Uisa, em 2019. Como se encontra esse projeto?

Já temos as licenças prévia e de instalação emitidas pela Secretaria de Estado Meio Ambiente (Sema), porém, no decorrer do processo, nosso foco principal se voltou para a questão da descarbonização.

A companhia optou por priorizar outros projetos – construiu uma unidade industrial de produção de biometano e biogás, iniciou a operação da fábrica de leveduras, aumentou a capacidade de cogeração e transmissão de energia, entre outros. Buscamos alternativas para agregar o máximo de valor e produtos possíveis na cadeia de produção de cana-de-açúcar e o milho ficou um pouco para trás.

Nossa previsão é retomar a instalação dessa da planta de milho em 2025. Ela será integrada à planta de cana-de-açúcar, contando com a biomassa do bagaço para alimentar a operação.

Quais outras tendências estão no radar da companhia hoje?

A venda da biomassa de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para as usinas de milho virou uma boa fonte de receita para a Uisa. Essas plantas nos ajudaram a eliminar esse passivo ambiental, porque nossa geração de bagaço era muito farta e, atualmente, conseguimos comercializá-lo.

Por Vinicius Damazio e Laura Guedes


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