Pausa no PMQC elevará monitoramento privado

: Biofuels
24/10/23

A suspensão do Programa de Monitoramento de Qualidade de Combustíveis (PMQC) da Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP) pelos próximos dois meses deve aumentar a ocorrência de irregularidades, levando distribuidoras a intensificar esforços de monitoramento próprio.

A suspensão temporária no programa foi precipitada por restrições orçamentárias, informou a ANP. Em janeiro de 2025, o PMQC será retomado, mas o receio é que uma nova redução orçamentária continue comprometendo a qualidade do programa.

"A principal consequência da interrupção é o aumento imediato da irregularidade nos combustíveis", diz à Argus a diretora executiva de downstream do Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo (IBP), Ana Mandelli. Criado há 25 anos, o PMQC monitora quase 20.000 revendas de combustível em 3.400 municípios brasileiros.

Em junho deste ano, com base em dados do programa, associações do setor apresentaram à ANP e ao Ministério de Minas e Energia (MME) informações que mostravam que cerca de 3 milhões de m³ de diesel B, ou 5pc de todo o diesel rodoviário, estavam fora das especificações. Meses depois, após atuação da ANP, houve melhora expressiva na qualidade das amostras.

O caso foi lembrado em ofício enviado na semana passada por 10 associações ao MME, em texto que frisa a importância do PMQC e pede que o programa não seja interrompido.

Como explica o diretor do Instituto Combustível Legal (ICL), Carlo Faccio, o programa funciona como uma espécie de "mapa de calor" das adulterações e irregularidades que ocorrem no setor. Com os dados em mãos, a ANP consegue direcionar a sua fiscalização de forma mais efetiva.

"Diante da suspensão do programa, prevemos mais ações para levar informações para a agência, não somente por parte do ICL, mas também do próprio mercado, das empresas", afirma Faccio. "A tendência é de reforço dessa segunda camada de qualidade."

Mudança de comando

A expectativa do setor para que o problema seja resolvido repousa na mudança no comando da ANP a partir de 2025. Na semana passada, o ministro de Minas e Energia, Alexandre Silveira, indicou o secretário de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, Pietro Mendes, para ser o novo diretor-geral da agência reguladora.

O fato de Mendes, que é servidor de carreira, ter atuado na estruturação e implementação da Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis (Renovabio) é visto com bons olhos pelo setor, que acredita que o novo diretor, fortalecido pela proximidade com Silveira, terá mais condições de garantir um orçamento maior para a agência e para o programa.

O atual diretor-geral da ANP, Rodolfo Saboia, já apontou algumas vezes que a agência conta neste ano com um Orçamento que representa apenas 18pc dos recursos totais de que dispunha em 2013, corrigida a inflação do período.

"É lamentável que a ANP tenha chegado a esse ponto: cortes no Orçamento que não permitem que exerça sua atividade básica", comenta Sergio Araújo, presidente executivo da Associação Brasileira dos Importadores de Combustíveis (Abicom). "E quando se toma conhecimento que a casa não é vigiada, o risco de ser assaltada é muito maior", diz Araújo.

Em julho, o governo bloqueou R$110 milhões adicionais em recursos de agências reguladoras – no caso da ANP, foram congelados R$11,4 milhões.

Para o diretor institucional da Federação Nacional das Distribuidoras de Combustíveis, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (Brasilcom), Sergio Massillon, uma opção para resolver o problema seria a revisão do marco regulatório do setor de combustíveis, assegurando maior proteção orçamentária para atividades consideradas essenciais pela ANP, como o PMQC.

"A demanda de amostras para análise de combustíveis no país é bastante elevada, devido ao tamanho do mercado e à quantidade de postos espalhados em diferentes regiões", afirma Massillon.

Mandelli, do IBP, defende que o tamanho da responsabilidade da ANP deve ser levado em conta pelo governo na hora da definição orçamentária.

"O orçamento das agências reguladoras precisa ser feito de acordo com a responsabilidade desta. No caso da ANP, a proteção do consumidor quanto a qualidade e preço dos combustíveis é feita pela agência", diz Mandelli.

Por Maeli Prado

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