Viewpoint: Consolidation looms in US methanol

: Biofuels, Petrochemicals
24/12/27

The sale of Netherlands-based OCI's methanol production assets to rival producer Methanex is set to shift the market, with US methanol production most affected by the move.

Methanex in the third quarter of 2024 announced the $2bn acquisition, which is expected to close in the first half of 2025. The boards of directors of both companies and OCI's shareholders approved the transaction, but it is subject to regulatory approvals.

OCI operates the 1mn t/yr OCI Beaumont plant and is a 50:50 partner in Natgasoline, a 1.7mn t/yr joint-venture plant between OCI and Proman.

Methanex operates three plants in the US, all in Geismar, Louisiana. These plants carry a collective 4mn t/yr capacity and represent one-third of total US methanol capacity.

At front and center of the acquisition is the Natgasoline plant in Beaumont. Natgasoline, when operational, represents 14pc of domestic production. The plant opened in 2018, and throughout those six years, the plant has seen its share of operational issues. The most recent was a fire at the reformer unit in early October, resulting in a complete shutdown lasting nearly three months.

When the deal was announced, Methanex made it clear that the transaction was subject to approvals by OCI shareholders, as well as a pending legal decisionbetween OCI and Proman.

"If it is not settled within a certain period, Methanex has the option to carve out the purchase of the Natgasoline joint venture and close only on the remainder of the transaction," the company said in September.

Methanex and OCI declined to give further details, as the deal is still pending. Proman did not respond to a request for comment.

If it goes through, the acquisition would result in the exodus of OCI from the US methanol market. But the issue of liquidity in the US spot barge market is also looming. Market participants said OCI is a frequent buyer when the Natgasoline plant goes down. In October, when Natgasoline was completely shut down, 340,000 bl of methanol moved for delivery at ITC, the terminal on the Houston Ship Channel where methanol is exchanged, according to Argus data.

Market participants expect liquidity to be about the same until some time after the deal closes. When a plant goes down, a producer will emerge in the spot market for purchases.

In the longer term, there are some questions around international distribution and where US methanol exports find a home. Methanex is a major exporter to Asia, whereas OCI sells into the European market.

The low-carbon methanol sector will also experience some shakeup. OCI is a major participant in the bio-methanol space, selling volume into Europe. Methanex produces carbon-captured methanol, also known as blue methanol, which has not penetrated the EU market.

By Steven McGinn

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24/12/27

Viewpoint: PVC expansions loom over US market in 2025

Houston, 27 December (Argus) — US polyvinyl chloride (PVC) market participants expect some domestic demand growth in 2025, but recent expansions could limit price increases in both the domestic and export markets. Most producers are optimistic PVC demand will grow at a strong rate in 2025, with some expecting growth above 5pc. But producers also caution that greater volume sales may not translate into higher prices because of additional capacity brought on line in the second half of 2024. Formosa added 130,000 metric tonnes (t) of PVC capacity to its Baton Rouge, Louisiana, plant in the third quarter, and Shintech added 380,000t/yr of PVC capacity to its Plaquemine, Louisiana, plant in the fourth quarter. Producers' concerns that higher sales volume would not translate into higher prices have proven true so far. Domestic PVC sales have grown as much as 8pc in the year through November, according to producers, but PVC contract prices in November were unchanged from January at 57.5¢/lb after some fluctuations during the year. Prices fell by 2¢/lb in the months following Formosa's expansion. Contracts for December, which will represent the month following Shintech's expansion, have not yet settled. Buyers have more muted expectations than producers for demand in 2025, further adding to the modest price outlook for the coming year. This is partly because many buyers believe interest rates that recently began to fall will take time to stimulate housing construction, potentially delaying a rise in PVC demand until late 2025 or even 2026. Lower interest rates can reduce homebuilders' borrowing costs and ease mortgage rates for prospective homebuyers. The cautious outlook was already pervasive among PVC buyers and converters before the US Federal Reserve in December reduced its forecast for 2025 interest rate cuts to half a percentage point, down from a full point in the September projections. Reliance on exports US producers may need to rely on exports to absorb the new capacity, a trend that has kept export prices low since August. US PVC export spot prices were at $700/t fas on average in late September after Formosa ramped up its capacity expansion, compared to an average of $750/t fas a year earlier. After Shintech's expansion, export prices fell to $673/t fas on average by late-December, compared to $695/t fas on average during the same time in 2023. While spot export prices initially had a floor of $670/t fas after both expansions, the global environment has become even more competitive at year-end with some overseas producers struggling to move volume, according to traders. A greater reliance on exports at a time when several countries recently implemented anti-dumping duties on US material could make for a difficult market in 2025, with pricing needing to come down to start the year if there is too much volume on hand, traders said. India recently announced preliminary anti-dumping duties on US PVC from 80-150pc, with duties exceeding $300/t for some US producers. Brazil in October raised import taxes on PVC from 12.6pc to 20pc. The European Commission last month confirmed duties on US-origin PVC between 58-71.2pc, and the UK is considering duties from 38.4-56pc. The Indian duties in particular could pose a challenge to US exporters because US producers and traders had become reliant on Indian customers as an outlet for US supply. India is one of the few countries for US exports with steady demand growth. Should US exporters lose market share in India, there are no immediate alternatives to offset that loss. By Aaron May Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Viewpoint: SE Asian IMO2 MRs to rise on EU policy

24/12/27

Viewpoint: SE Asian IMO2 MRs to rise on EU policy

London, 27 December (Argus) — Rates for specialised Medium Range (MR) tankers in southeast Asia will be driven up in 2025 by changes in EU policy on deforestation, higher biofuels blending mandates, and new mandates in the aviation sector, all of which will support exports of biodiesels, feedstocks and palm oil. Demand for specialised MRs in southeast Asia is ruled by exports of palm oil to Europe and the US Gulf coast. Palm oil does not usually need to travel on IMO2 ships and can be moved on IMO3 vessels. But it is often moved as a part-cargo of between 5,000-15,000t so is often picked up by IMO2 or IMO2/3 vessels, which are more suitable as they have a higher number of segregated tanks. Kpler data show around 6.3mn t of palm oil was exported from Indonesia and Malaysia to the US Gulf and Europe in the January-November 2024 period. Palm oil deliveries from southeast Asia have been trending lower since 2020 with the product becoming less popular in Europe because of deforestation issues. On 4 December, an agreement was reached between the European Council and the European Parliament to delay the application of the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) by one year. This means larger companies will not be required to prove that their products, such as palm oil, did not contribute to deforestation until 30 December 2025. This has averted a potential rapid loss in palm oil exports to Europe in 2025 but there will probably be a substantial decline in exports later in the year as businesses prepare for the EUDR. In the short term, the decision to postpone the EUDR will probably boost cargo numbers heading to Europe as traders had been holding off for clear regulatory guidance. This will support freight rates for IMO2 MRs in the new year by pulling more IMO2/3s and IMO3s away from the market and by increasing the number of part cargoes available for IMO2s. Feedstock exports ramp up Indonesia and Malaysia also export many specialised products that require IMO2s, such as waste based feedstocks palm oil mill effluent (POME), palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and used cooking oil (UCO), as well as finished biodiesels like Ucome. Kpler puts exports of these products to Europe at around 2.8mn t in the first 11 months of 2024, with POME cargoes making up 42pc of all shipments or around 1.2mn t. POME was included in Annex IX Part A of the EU's renewable energy directive (RED), meaning member states can count it twice towards their renewable energy goals. Exports of feedstocks and biodiesels to Europe will probably rise in 2025 as blending mandates rise and because of a reduction in the carryover of emissions tickets in Germany and the Netherlands. Argus estimates European demand for biodiesel Pomeme to rise by around 36pc on the quarter in first three months of 2025 to around 3.5mn litres. Higher requirements for biofuels and feedstocks in Europe should push up demand for products like POME, PFAD, and UCO from Malaysia and Indonesia and support higher IMO2 demand in southeast Asia. But this could be tempered by an Indonesian ruling to include an export permit for POME and PFAD that requires participants to fulfil their cooking oil domestic market obligation. SAF mandates begin in Europe Exports of HVO and SAF from Singapore to Europe also make up part-cargo demand for IMO2 MRs. Argus forecasts European HVO demand will rise by 85pc on the quarter to 2,582mn l in the first three months of 2025. New 2pc SAF mandates in the EU and UK in 2025 will provide a sizable rise in SAF demand. This should spur a jump in cargoes loading from Singapore — driving up demand for part-cargo space on IMO2 MRs. By Leonard Fisher-Matthews Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Viewpoint: Policy doubts hit Australia's biofuel sector

24/12/27

Viewpoint: Policy doubts hit Australia's biofuel sector

Sydney, 27 December (Argus) — Australia's biofuels sector has garnered significant interest during the first 2½ years of the current federal Labor government, but uncertainty over key policy support measures has stymied investment and led developers to question whether 2025 will be a year of reform. Labor secured its first majority government since 2007 in the mid-2022 election and subsequently pledged to cut Australia's greenhouse gas emissions by 43pc on 2005 levels by 2030. But the country is not on track to meet this ambitious target because of slow progress decarbonising its electricity and transport sectors. Biofuels have become increasingly popular, given decarbonising hard-to-abate transport industries is seen as key to reaching the 2030 goal. Canberra has committed to a low carbon liquid fuels (LCLF) standard, which the industry views as crucial to enabling investment in processing, refineries and new feedstock crops. In its May 2024 budget, the federal government expressed a desire to develop sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and renewable diesel (HVO) industries. The outcomes of consultations are expected to be released imminently. On the demand side, a regulatory impact analysis of the costs and benefits associated with mandates for LCLF has been promised, but no timeframe has been released. Domestic refiners Ampol and Viva, as well as BP at its former Kwinana refinery, have expressed interest in biofuel production but all require certainty on demand and supply-side support mechanisms. Australian bioenergy developer Jet Zero and a consortium including major airlines aim to build a 113mn litres/yr plant in the northern part of Queensland state, but initial engineering for the concept has not yet been completed. The consortium plans to convert bioethanol from domestic agricultural byproducts like sugarcane molasses into SAF and HVO through the alcohol-to-jet pathway, with production expected to start in 2027. Jet Zero is also planning to produce SAF through the Hydrotreated Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) production pathway in a 50:50 joint venture with Aperion Bioenergy. But the project, which is still in its feasibility stage, is facing hurdles in pricing the feedstock offtake agreements or term contracts. Complicating the picture, heavy transport is now showing greater signs of electrification, as demonstrated by iron ore producer Fortescue's major order for new electric haul trucks. Regardless, the introduction of new safeguard mechanism laws requiring large emitters to reduce pollution has led Australia's fuel companies to increase HVO sales, with 500,000l contracts now signed on a regular basis despite the higher costs. Australian coal mining firm Stanmore has tested a 20pc HVO blend at its Bowen basin Poitrel mine, demonstrating an increasing acceptance of biofuels by customers. Ampol and Viva both sell fatty acid methyl esters (Fame) based biofuel blends at 5pc, 10pc and 20pc. Ampol has two projects in the pipeline: a co-processing facility that would supply up to 60mn l/yr by 2026 and the Brisbane renewable fuels joint venture, which would be a larger project of 0.5bn-1bn l/yr and is due for a final investment decision by late 2025. Viva has been less forthcoming about its plans for biofuel production since it announced a new biofuel blending venture at its 120,000 b/d Geelong refinery in 2023. There will be a federal election no later than mid-May 2025 and both major parties are keen to enhance their green image while supporting regional communities and manufacturing jobs. New regulatory support is crucial if Australia is to transition from supplying significant quantities of feedstock for biofuels to other countries, particularly tallow and canola seed, to producing its own renewable fuels. Australia's increasing reliance on imported oil products and foreign crude, along with a worsening geopolitical backdrop, has started to raise concerns in Canberra. This could be the deciding factor in whether the government will create the required regulatory environment for a local biofuels industry to thrive. By Tom Major and Tom Woodlock Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Viewpoint: US PGP prices set to rise in 2025

24/12/26

Viewpoint: US PGP prices set to rise in 2025

Houston, 26 December (Argus) — US spot polymer-grade propylene (PGP) prices are likely to increase into 2025, driven largely by several planned limitations on supply. By mid-December, the US PGP market had the sharpest contango structure between the prompt month and the forward month since Argus began tracking data over 10 years ago. A contango is when the next month's price is higher than the current month's price. On 12 December, December-delivery PGP at the Enterprise Products Partners (EPC) system at Mont Belvieu, Texas, traded at 35.75¢/lb, while January-delivery PGP traded twice at 38.75¢/lb. Argus ' PGP forward curve shows prices rising to over 40¢/lb by the second quarter of next year. Many factors are behind this record 3¢/lb premium for January PGP and the continued increase into mid-year. The first is that spot prices have dipped to their lowest levels since August 2023 on a rare period of no major supply disruption at propane dehydrogenation (PDH) units, which produce on-purpose propylene. Most propylene production in the US comes as a byproduct from refineries or as a co-product from steam crackers. All four US Gulf coast PDH units have been operating without major incident or extended shutdown since the late summer. Since mid-August, only Enterprise's PDH-1 was shut, for two weeks in mid-October, but this was not enough to stop the downtrend in PGP's spot price. US spot PGP prices declined by 40pc from a 12 August near-term peak of 58¢/lb to a low of 35¢/lb on 9 December. A second major factor behind the market's sharp contango is that PGP supply is set to tighten in 2025. Propylene supply will have a structural reduction when LyondellBasell's 264,000 b/d refinery in Houston begins shutting down units in January and completed closes by the end of the first quarter. The company sought to exit the refining business but could not find a buyer for the refinery, which produces 136,000 metric tonnes (t)/yr of propylene. There are no planned additions to US propylene capacity in 2025, and several US crackers that produce propylene as a co-product are set for turnarounds in the first quarter. Meanwhile, propylene demand is set to structurally rise in the second half of 2025, when Formosa's new 250,000 t/yr polypropylene plant in Point Comfort, Texas, is scheduled to come online. A third major factor indicating that US spot PGP prices in December are the lowest they will be for at least several months is seasonality. One market participant said that spot activity to end 2024 is largely characterized by sellers destocking inventory ahead of the state of Texas' ad valorem taxes on inventories. This tends to cause seasonally lower prices in December and then a rise in prices in January as the market restocks inventory. This trend has persisted for the last four straight years. These three major factors — uninterrupted supply to end 2024, supply tightening in 2025, and seasonal buying patterns — all stand behind the sharpest contango into the next year for propylene in 10 years of record keeping. The forward curve for PGP indicates a rise of 5¢/lb between now and the middle of next year. The forward curve, though, does not account for any unplanned shutdowns of PDH units, which happen frequently as PDH units are operationally less reliable than propylene-producing crackers and refineries. In July, the US had three of its four PDH units shut down, taking 2.9mn t/yr of on-purpose propylene capacity offline. Such incidents could spike prices for PGP above the uptrend expected into next year. By Michael Camarda Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Viewpoint: US BD demand awaits 1Q rebound as risks loom

24/12/24

Viewpoint: US BD demand awaits 1Q rebound as risks loom

Houston, 24 December (Argus) — US demand for butadiene (BD) is expected to increase in January, but buyer sentiment for the remainder of the first quarter remains uncertain. Inventory restocking in January is expected to draw down excess supply and provide near-term price support, according to market participants. Derivative manufacturers aim to rebuild inventories following earlier-than-normal destocking initiatives this year. Many buyers employ standard inventory control management strategies to avoid paying higher end-of-year inventory taxes, particularly in Texas. Others cut costs to improve year-end financial statements. Domestic demand in February and March is less clear, as market participants question whether the market will rebound from persistently low demand at the end of 2024. US BD prices on a contract basis fell by 12pc during the fourth quarter , owing to weak demand and oversupply. Demand was depressed by BD consumer turnarounds in October, seasonal slowdowns between November-December and trade pressures tied to derivative imports. US tire shipments this year are expected to rise by 2.1pc to 338.9mn units, surpassing the record set in 2021, according to the US Tire Manufacturers Association. However, market participants along with US trade data reference a jump in tire imports from Asia-Pacific. Both Bridgestone and Goodyear have said low-cost tire imports and structural changes in segment profitability across the Americas are eroding their market share, fueling capacity rationalization, asset sell-offs and plant closures in the region. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is another segment at risk of stronger competition from low-cost, Asia-origin imports. Ineos Styrolution plans to permanently shut down its ABS plant in Addyston, Ohio, in 2025 because the facility cannot compete with imported material. "Over the past few years, we have seen the ABS market become increasingly competitive, particularly with growing competition from overseas imports," Ineos Styrolution chief executive Steve Harrington said in late October. Protectionist trade policies are likely to be a feature of president-elect Donald Trump's second administration, potentially altering business investment decisions and durable goods trade flows. Even if demand does not improve, planned maintenance in the first half of 2025 is expected to tighten BD supplies. A heavy turnaround cycle for steam crackers will concentrate in the first and second quarters, constraining availability of feedstock crude C4. One integrated US Gulf coast producer plans to enforce BD allocations while its assets are offline for planned maintenance. A separate, non-integrated producer has not announced BD sales controls, based on feedback from its customers. This same BD supplier was short on feedstock supplies for parts of this year, with the crude C4 merchant market illiquid in North America. A third producer has scheduled a cracker turnaround starting in January, but no indications emerged that would limit term volumes from its BD unit. Reduced BD supply during cracker maintenance is likely to pull volumes away from the export market until the second half of 2025. Export spot cargoes in the fourth quarter more than doubled from the third quarter, serving as a critical outlet to clear the domestic market of surplus BD supplies, even as lower export prices pressured US margins. By Joshua Himelfarb Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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