IRA spurs Japanese, South Korean battery investment

: Battery materials
23/05/10

The US' Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has stirred up the insecurities that economies have about their critical minerals industries, spurring greater electric vehicle (EV) battery investments in northeast Asia this year.

The battery race began in 2022 but intensified this year, with the IRA producing a greater response from governments and the global lithium, battery and EV industries. They now risk being left in the lurch as the US tries everything in its power to create a more independent and secure supply chain.

The past two months has seen UK's lithium industry respond, Europe's battery industry expressing concern, South Korea acting swiftly to support its EV and battery industry and Japanese politically-influential auto manufacturer Toyota taking the lead to advance the country's EV and battery industry.

Expanded tax credits under the IRA, designed to grow domestic production of clean energy vehicles and the lithium-ion battery supply chain, have, to a certain extent, resulted in expanded South Korean and Japanese investments.

There is now seeing increased developments across the entire critical minerals supply chain, partly because of the impact of the IRA and its ripple effects.

South Korean battery manufacturer LG Energy Solutions is aligning its supply chains to try making batteries that qualify for the IRA's subsidies. It has partnered up with Chinese lithium producer Yahua to produce lithium hydroxide in Morocco, which is a signatory to free trade agreements with the US and EU. It is also raising its investment in its Arizona's manufacturing complex to $5.5bn, planning a $4.1bn joint venture lithium-ion battery factory in Canada's Ontario with European auto producer Stellantis. It is also working with US auto manufacturer General Motors (GM) to operate three joint-venture manufacturing plants in Ohio, Tennessee and Michigan for GM's Ultium battery.

South Korean battery material firms SK On and Ecopro Materials' joint venture with Chinese battery firm Green Eco-Manufacture is also building a 50,000 t/yr battery precursor plant in South Korea to meet the IRA's market entrance requirements.

South Korea's government in general reacted positively to the revised IRA rules published on 31 March, according to a Congressional Research Service report published in April.

But Japan is standing firm on building out domestic capacity and seeking to regain market power. This is despite the critical minerals agreement signed between Japan and the US in March, essentially addressing Japan's concerns on the critical mineral content requirements of the IRA.

The unveiling of Toyota's new EV plan on 7 April denotes that the government will have no choice but to gear up domestic battery production to facilitate the private sector.

"Toyota means politics in this country," a battery material trader told Argus.

Uncertainty, tensions linger

But sluggish GDP growth in South Korea and Japan, coupled with high borrowing costs with expectations of persistently high interest rates, may limit firms' appetite to further invest.

GDP growth in Asia is to be dominated by China and India in 2023, according to the IMF's regional economic outlook for Asia and Pacific, which expects the two countries to contribute around half of global growth this year.

The relatively unstable global investment climate because of rising trade fragmentation risks may also be an obstacle to Japanese and South Korean firms' long-term domestic and foreign investment commitments. The two countries, which share production links with the US and China, may suffer negative spillover in their exports to the US and China if US-China trade barriers in the form of tariffs intensify, according to an economic update by the World Bank in April.

The intensifying side effects of friendshoring, or manufacturing and sourcing from countries that are geopolitical allies, and a greater divergence from globalisation of supply chains have become much more noticeable. This is creating tensions between economies given the looming insecurities.

Outside of Asia the policy has created political-economic challenges between the US and EU. It may even "create a wedge between EU member states that can subsidise and those that lack fiscal resources and cannot", according to a working paper by Washington-based think tank the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

By Joseph Ho

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24/11/21

Cop: EU, four countries commit to 1.5°C climate plans

Baku, 21 November (Argus) — The EU, Canada, Mexico, Norway and Switzerland have committed to submit new national climate plans setting out "steep emission cuts", that are consistent with the global 1.5°C temperature increase limit sought by the Paris Agreement. The EU and four countries made the pledge at the UN Cop 29 climate summit in Baku, Azerbaijan today, and called on other nations to follow suit — particularly major economies. Countries are due to submit new climate plans — known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs) — covering 2035 goals to the UN climate body the UNFCCC by early next year. The EU, Canada, Mexico, Norway and Switzerland have not yet submitted their plans, but they will be aligned with a 1.5°C pathway, EU climate commissioner Wopke Hoekstra said today. The Paris climate agreement seeks to limit the global rise in temperature to "well below" 2°C and preferably to 1.5°C. Canada's NDC is being considered by the country's cabinet and will be submitted by the 10 February deadline, Canadian ambassador for climate change Catherine Stewart said today. Switzerland's new NDC will also be submitted by the deadline, the country's representative confirmed. Pamana's special representative for climate change Juan Carlos Monterrey Gomez also joined the press conference today. Panama, which is designated as carbon negative, submitted an updated NDC in June. It is planning to submit a nature pledge, Monterrey Gomez said. "It is time to streamline processes to get to real action", he added. The UK also backed the pledge. The UK announced an ambitious emissions reduction target last week. The UAE — which hosted Cop 28 last year — released a new NDC just ahead of Cop 29, while Brazil, host of next year's Cop 30, released its new NDC on 13 November during the summit. Thailand yesterday at Cop 29 communicated a new emissions reduction target . Indonesia last week said that it intends to submit its updated NDC ahead of the February deadline, with a plan placing a ceiling on emissions and covering all greenhouse gases as well as including the oil and gas sector. Colombia also indicated that its new climate plan will seek to address fossil fuels, but it will submit its NDC by June next year . By Georgia Gratton Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Graphjet launches Malaysian biomass-to-graphite plant

24/11/20

Graphjet launches Malaysian biomass-to-graphite plant

Singapore, 20 November (Argus) — Nasdaq-listed Graphjet Technology has started operations at its artificial graphite plant in Malaysia, which will produce battery-grade graphite using recycled palm kernel shells (PKS), the firm said on 19 November. Graphjet's facility has the capacity to produce 3,000 t/yr of graphite by recycling up to 9,000 t/yr of PKS, which is sufficient to produce batteries for 40,000 electric vehicles (EVs)/yr. The firm has already received its first shipment of PKS, it said. Graphjet has another artificial graphite production facility planned in US' Nevada, and it plans to produce hard carbon at the Malaysian facility to use as feedstock at the Nevada facility. The Nevada facility is expected to have the capacity to recycle 30,000 t/yr of PKS to produce 10,000 t/yr of battery-grade artificial graphite and is slated to begin production in 2026, said Graphjet in April. China, the dominant producer of graphite, added a number of graphite products into its export licensing scheme at the end of last year. The move back then alarmed its neighbours, Japan and South Korea , which are major battery-producing countries and they have since been looking to reduce their dependency on Chinese graphite. China's graphite flake exports fell by 23pc to 44,103t during January-September following the exports curb, according to Chinese customs data. By Joseph Ho Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Cop: Progress on actions to cut emissions uncertain

24/11/18

Cop: Progress on actions to cut emissions uncertain

Baku, 18 November (Argus) — Progress on mitigation — actions to cut greenhouse gas emissions — is uncertain at the UN Cop 29 climate summit, as talks on a specific text related to the issue are at risk to be pushed back to 2025, losing any progress made in the past year. Some countries had proposed using the mitigation work programme — a work stream focused on reducing emissions — to progress the commitment made at Cop 28 in 2023 to "transition away" from fossil fuels. But talks have stalled and could end without a conclusion at the summit. Developed countries as well as developing nations including some small island states and countries in Latin America — such as Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Mexico — have expressed disappointment about how mitigation talks were going. New Zealand called on countries to follow up on last year's decision on mitigation at Cop 28 and Norway added that these issues deserved "more than silence on mitigation". Switzerland complained that mitigation was "held up by a select few", and said that the discussion was critical for increased commitments for next year's 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). NDCs are countries' climate plans that include emissions reduction targets. Cop parties are due to submit new versions by February 2025. The US also said that Cop 29 needed to "reaffirm the historical Global Stocktake decision" taken last year. And developed nations, led by the EU, called for the discussion to continue this week — the second week of Cop 29. But countries including Bolivia, Iran and Saudi Arabia, for the Arab Group, pushed back on this. The mitigation work programme is "not… open to reinterpretation", Saudi Arabia's representative said today. The country said earlier that it did not want new targets to be imposed, complaining about the "top-down approach" taken by developed countries. India reminded developed countries that they have yet to deliver on their new finance commitment — a crucial step for more ambitious NDCs in developing nations. But "Cop 29 cannot and will not be silent on mitigation", the summit's president, Mukhtar Babayev said today. "On mitigation we have been clear that we must make progress, "he said, adding that he has asked ministers from Norway and South Africa to consult on what an outcome on mitigation could look like. EU climate commissioner Wopke Hoekstra today said that it is "imperative that we send a strong signal this week for the next round of NDCs", he said. Points related to mitigation — including transitioning away from fossil fuels and phasing out inefficient fossil fuels subsidies — are currently mentioned in the draft text for the new finance goal, known as the new collective quantified goal (NCQG). It is the key issue at Cop 29. Developed countries agreed to deliver $100bn/yr in climate finance to developing nations over 2020-25, and Cop parties must decide on the next stage — including the amount. Developed countries are likely push for the fossil fuel language to stay in the finance goal text, especially if mitigation talks stall elsewhere. But countries such as Saudi Arabia have long opposed this, while developed countries have received some criticism for still not having given an amount for the new finance target. By Georgia Gratton, Prethika Nair and Caroline Varin Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Cop: G20 momentum key to Cop climate finance outcome

24/11/18

Cop: G20 momentum key to Cop climate finance outcome

Baku, 18 November (Argus) — The outcome of the G20 leaders' summit in Brazil taking place on Monday and Tuesday on climate financing will be key to the success of the UN Cop 29 climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan, summit president Mukhtar Babayev said today. "We cannot succeed without [the G20], and the world is waiting to hear from them," Babayev said. The leaders' summit takes place at the beginning of the second week of the Cop 29 conference. Progress at Cop 29 last week towards agreeing a new climate finance target for developing countries — the so-called NCQG — was not sufficient, Babayev said. He is concerned that parties are not moving towards each other fast enough. Little progress was made in the first week on three main areas of disagreement: the amount of climate finance which should be provided, how it should be structured, and which countries should contribute. Babayev urged G20 leaders, including US president Joe Biden who will be present in Brazil, to send a "positive signal of commitment to solving the climate crisis," and deliver clear mandates for Cop 29. The talks in Baku move from the technical to the political phase this week. Ministers typically have more authority to move red lines. But parties should focus on wrapping up less contentious issues early in the week so as to leave time for major political decisions, according to Simon Stiell, executive secretary of UN climate body the UNFCCC. Babayev expects talks on the amount of climate financing which will be on the table to continue until the last day of the summit at the end of this week, he said. The Cop presidency has invited former and upcoming Cop hosts the UK and Brazil to advise and "ensure an ambitious and balanced package of negotiated outcomes." Both countries have in the past week communicated more ambitious emissions reduction targets, which have been broadly welcomed. The EU today called for the Cop presidency to step up its role in the process. "We do need a presidency to lead, to steer us in the direction of a safe landing ground," European commissioner for climate action Wopke Hoekstra said. Hoekstra declined to be drawn on the amount of climate financing that the EU would like to see. Developing countries have pushed for a high goal of $1.3 trillion/yr, well above the previous target of $100bn/yr. The EU today reiterated instead its desire for the base of contributor countries to be enlarged beyond the current roster of countries defined as developed under the UNFCCC, and for as much private finance to be mobilised as possible to add to public finance. By Rhys Talbot Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Echion, CBMM open Nb anode material facility

24/11/13

Echion, CBMM open Nb anode material facility

London, 13 November (Argus) — UK-based niobium battery materials company Echion and the world's largest niobium producer CBMM have opened a niobium anode production facility at CBMM's industrial complex in Araxa, Brazil, this week. The facility will produce up to 2,000 t/yr of Echion's proprietary XNO active anode material, equivalent to 1GWh of lithium-ion cells. The niobium-based anode material is designed to enable safer fast-charging, reducing the risk of overheating or battery damage. The material can also maintain high-energy density at extreme temperatures and high power across more than 10,000 charging cycles, Echion said. Echion and CBMM aim to supply the XNO anode material to electrified heavy-duty industry, commercial and mass-transport customers, as these sectors could benefit the most from safe ultra-fast charging and long-life batteries. Echion already has some downstream customers for its XNO products. Leclanche, a Swiss energy storage technology supplier, announced its XN50 lithium-ion battery cell that uses XNO anode material in September. Leclanche is expected to replace its existing lithium titanium oxide offering with this new range of batteries. Meanwhile, CBMM began testing niobium-titanium-oxide anode materials in short-range lithium-ion batteries earlier this year as part of a project to produce electric buses with Japan's Toshiba and Germany's Volkswagen. CBMM is the world's largest producer of ferro-niobium used to produce high-strength steels, but has expanded into niobium-based battery materials in recent years. The company aims to have 30pc of its revenues come from non-steel-based products by 2030. By Sian Morris Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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