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WTI goes global
Overview
WTI Midland is now the world’s largest freely traded grade of crude oil by output and volume. In December 2015, the US lifted a 40-year ban that had restricted exports of US crude overseas. Since the ban was lifted, export volumes have soared and US crude now makes its way to markets all over the world.
The meteoric rise of US crude on the global stage has made Permian basin crude WTI Midland the world’s most important grade and has put the US Gulf coast at the epicentre of global crude trade. Houston is the point of greatest optionality for crude oil. From Houston, crude can be refined in the world’s largest refining centre, moved domestically within the world’s largest oil demand hub, and exported to all corners of the globe. Price dictates these options, making the price at Houston the source of all key comparisons.
Light sweet WTI Midland is now firmly at the centre of price discovery for crude oil. It is a key component of Dated Brent and the global swing barrel, and European and Asian buyers are beginning to purchase crude on a WTI Houston basis. This crude has truly emerged as the heartbeat of the global crude system.
A global waterborne crude, underpinned by a liquid pipeline market
In most major markets, crude oil is generally transported by water. But the WTI Houston and Midland markets are different, with oil travelling first by pipeline in small, rateable transactions. The high volume of daily transactions means that there are many points of price discovery throughout the day. Our expert team of crude oil market reporters endeavour to capture it all.
Cargo markets by nature consist of a few, large single trades. But at the US Gulf coast, cargoes are priced at a differential to the pipeline market, so they benefit from the underlying price dynamics of the highly liquid and transparent US pipeline market.
For this reason, understanding the WTI supply chain and the drivers of its price formation is imperative for anyone buying, selling or trading crude oil across the globe.
WTI and Argus, a deeply rooted relationship
For two decades, Argus WTI assessments at Midland and Houston have been the standard physical benchmarks for US crude, as well as the settlement indexes for a robust derivatives market. These prices are assessed as differentials to the Argus WTI formula basis, based on the Nymex light sweet crude futures contract — one of the world’s most actively traded oil futures. They are the clear choice for trading companies seeking to manage WTI positions in the physical and paper markets.
Argus WTI Houston and Argus WTI Midland collectively form the basis of the world’s third-largest crude oil derivatives market, after Nymex light sweet and Ice Brent. The contracts are actively traded over the counter and cleared by oil brokers through exchanges such as CME and Ice.
Our rich, deep and trusted coverage of the US crude oil market is unrivalled. You need Argus to make confident business decisions.
Latest crude oil news
Browse the latest market moving news on the global crude oil industry.
Brazil’s new Atlanta FPSO exports first crude cargo
Brazil’s new Atlanta FPSO exports first crude cargo
Singapore, 3 March (Argus) — Brazil's newly commissioned Atlanta floating, production, storage and offloading (FPSO) unit has loaded its first cargo of Atlanta crude aboard the Sonangol Namibe in end-February, data from global trade analytics platform Kpler show. This marks the unit's first shipment since achieving first oil in late 2024. Trading firm Trafigura is likely the charterer of the vessel, according to Kpler data. Brava Energia previously announced in February that it sold 6mn bl of oil from its Atlanta field to Singapore-based commodity trader Trafigura. The contract's price is linked to Singapore VLSFO benchmark prices. But the specific price could not be confirmed. Atlanta crude is classified as a heavy sweet crude and is primarily exported to the Singapore straits region, where it is highly valued for very-low-sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) blending because of its low sulphur content and relatively heavy API content of about 14-16. The FPSO Atlanta unit is operated by independent producer Brava Energia, a Brazilian oil and gas firm created from the merger of oil companies 3R Petroleum and Enauta, with the FPSO chartered from Malaysia's Yinson Production. The unit operates in the Atlanta field in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil, and achieved first oil on 31 December 2024, according to Yinson. Heavy sweet Atlanta crude oil was previously produced from the Petrojarl I FPSO, which was decommissioned in late 2024. This is in line with the last observed export of Atlanta crude in early November, with no shipments recorded until the latest loading in February, according to data from Kpler. The newer Atlanta FPSO can process up to 50,000 b/d of oil, 70pc higher compared to the Petrojarl I, and has a storage capacity of 1.2mn bl, more than a sixfold increase, according to a document from Yinson. This latest development is likely to further pressure the Asian VLSFO market, which is already grappling with ample supplies in Singapore that have weighed on prices. Increased supplies from Brazil, Kuwait's KPC and Nigeria's Dangote are expected to discharge in the region this month, with March arrivals forecast to be over 1mn t higher than in February. But the latest shipment will likely spill over into April's supply and demand balance, given the typical 45–60 day voyage from Brazil to Singapore. By Asill Bardh Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Ecuador awards Sacha field to Sinopec, Petrolia
Ecuador awards Sacha field to Sinopec, Petrolia
Quito, 2 March (Argus) — Ecuador will transfer operation of its highest-producing oil field, the 74,600 b/d Sacha, to a consortium of China's Sinopec and Canada-based Petrolia under a production-sharing contract aimed at increasing output, the energy ministry said today. The consortium, in which Sinopec as operators hold a 60pc share and Petrolia the remainder, committed to investing $1.7bn in the next six year to reach peak production of 100,000 b/d by 2028, up by 33pc compared with current output. State-owned Petroecuador currently operates the field in block 60 in the Orellana province in the Amazonian region. Energy minister Ines Manzano authorized the deal through a resolution, and vice minister of hydrocarbons Guilhermo Ferreira was charged with signing the 20-year contract. Most terms have already been negotiated and final signature should not take more than a few weeks, the ministry said. The consortium had proposed keeping from 80pc-87.5pc of production, depending on the price of WTI crude, Petrolia's general manager Ramiro Paez previously told Argus . If the WTI price is below $30/bl, the consortium will take 87.5pc of the production. But its production sharing will decrease on a sliding scale to a minimum of 80pc when the WTI price is $120/bl or above. Ecuador's government will keep 80pc of profits, when taxes and other fees are taken into account, the consortium has said. Transitioning operations from Petroecuador to Sinopec will take about six months, said Paez. Opposing forces Ecuador's oil workers' unions have rejected the plan as unconstitutional because it passes control of the field from the state-owned company, as have opposition legislators with the citizens' revolution party that holds a majority in congress. The deal will cost Ecuador's government $8bn, the party claims. They also complained that the government announced the decision at the start of a holiday weekend. Manzano defended the deal as constitutional as the hydrocarbons law allows the government to delegate crude field operations. The energy ministry will provide additional details about the deal on 5 March after the 3-4 March holiday for Carnival. From 1-27 February 2025, Sacha produced an average of 74,680 b/d, down by 4pc compared with 77,884 b/d in February 2024, according to the data published by the hydrocarbons regulatory agency (Arch) and Petroecuador. Ecuador produced 474,860 b/d in January. By Alberto Araujo Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Weak Canadian dollar may offset US tariffs: MEG
Weak Canadian dollar may offset US tariffs: MEG
Calgary, 28 February (Argus) — The impact of the US' planned 10pc tariff on Canadian energy imports is likely to be "relatively muted" with a weaker Canadian dollar helping to cushion the impacts on US dollar-denominated Western Canadian Select crude, according to Canada's largest pure-play oil sands producer today. "You might see a $2-4/bl widening in the WCS diff, but we're also seeing a weakening in the Canadian dollar at the same time. That's going to offset that," MEG Energy chief financial officer Ryan Kubik told analysts. The Canadian dollar, on average, was worth C$1.37 to the US dollar in 2024, weakening from C$1.35 to the greenback in 2023 and the weakest since 2003, according to the Bank of Canada. The Canadian dollar has since depreciated further to C$1.43 to the US dollar in February, a benefit to Canadian producers selling crude in US dollars. Heavy sour Western Canadian Select (WCS) in Alberta was under pressure in early February when tariffs looked likely, but were subsequently postponed to 4 March. WCS trades at a discount to the US light sweet benchmark and this week has been hovering around a $13/bl discount, roughly $2/bl narrower than before the tariff threat nearly one month ago. US president Donald Trump said he plans to impose a 10pc tariff on energy, and a 25pc tariff on all other imports from Canada, next week. That has caused confusion for the market with little details on how it would work. Additionally, it is unclear who may bear the brunt of the added tax, but Canadian producers seem likely to share in that cost along with refiners and consumers, to a varying degree. Kubik discussed the prospect of hedging more volumes at current WCS prices, but said participants are limited by the "very illiquid" nature of the market. "There's not a lot of appetite to get out there and put a position on because it's just not that meaningful," said Kubik. "And when you consider the impact of tariffs, we actually think it may be relatively muted." For the moment, most of the volume moving westbound on the 890,000 b/d Trans Mountain system, which enables Canadian producers to bypass the US entirely by exporting to the Pacific Rim, is on existing contracts, according to MEG's senior vice president of marketing Erik Alson. "I think where you're likely to see spot shipments moving would be more around the time when, if, tariffs come into effect," said Alson. "That's when you'd see the extra incentive to move a significant amount of spot capacity." MEG is a committed shipper on TMX but also routes crude through the US Gulf coast, and more than half of MEG's sales could be non-tariffed, depending on the details in the executive order. MEG reported Friday its bitumen output fell to 100,100 b/d in the fourth quarter , down from 109,100 b/d in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Calgary-based company posted a profit of C$106mn ($73mn) in the fourth quarter, up from C$103mn in the fourth quarter of 2023. By Brett Holmes Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Energy a priority for Uruguay’s new government
Energy a priority for Uruguay’s new government
Montevideo, 28 February (Argus) — Energy will play a central role as Uruguay's new president Yamandu Orsi begins his five-year term on 1 March. Orsi, of the left-wing Broad Front coalition, takes over one of South America's most economically and politically stable countries. The economy is forecast to expand by 3pc this year, above the regional average, and the government wants to attract investment to maintain growth. The energy sector is a priority. Uruguay already has one of the region's cleanest grids, with 99pc of power coming from renewable sources, and in February reached the goal of 100pc electrification nationwide, according to the state-run electric company, UTE. The Orsi administration is studying options for the second phase of the energy transition, which includes adding capacity to meet increasing demand from electrification of transportation and clean fuel production. New finance minister Gabriel Oddone said the administration would focus on reducing red tape and potentially provide incentives for investment in the energy sector. Uruguay currently has close to 5.3GW of installed capacity, with 78pc in renewable sources, for its population of 3.5mn. The UTE, which had a profit of $315mn in 2024, is adding 100MW in wind power in the next two years. The Orsi administration plans to prioritize solar capacity. The new government is keenly following the development of low-carbon hydrogen and e-fuel projects. The most advanced project is for production of 700,000 tonnes (t) of synthetic fuel by Chile's HIF Global and ALUR, the biofuel arm of the state-owned Ancap. Investment is estimated at $6bn, making it the largest planned single investment in the country's history. The company requested approval in January of environmental permits for the project's solar park that would include 1.84mn bifacial solar panels. It would produce a peak of 1,162MW. Construction would take 18 months from approval. The municipal council in Paysandu, in northwestern Uruguay where the project is planned, on 27 February approved a change in land use to facilitate plant construction. Ancap, which lost an estimated $130mn last year because its only refinery was closed for six months, has proposed offshore production of low-carbon hydrogen. The Orsi administration has not yet committed to the project. Reverse transition? The new government will also have to also have to decide on the future of seven offshore exploration blocks, with seismic testing planned for late this year, and the possible construction of a gas pipeline that would link Argentina and Brazil. A pipeline exists from Argentina to Uruguay, but it could be expanded and extended to supply southern Brazil. It would require an additional 415km (258mi) in Uruguay, and around 500km in Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul state. Orsi has taken a wait-and-see attitude toward exploration, while a gas pipeline would likely have more popular support because it could expand service from only a section of the coast to a wider region. By Lucien Chauvin Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Why Argus WTI?
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Unrivalled methodology
Argus reports the US Gulf coast pipeline market the way it trades, rather than forcing it into a one-size-fits-all methodology. We publish volume-weighted average indexes for each assessed grade and location using reported deals done, and publish the underlying deals themselves. This provides our subscribers with accuracy and convenience, as well as a transparent audit trail.
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An all-in-one view of your data
Hourly snapshots of the WTI Midland and WTI Houston markets can be viewed on the Argus Crude Market Ticker, also accessible on CME Direct. And for the first time, Argus WTI Midland and Houston futures can be traded directly on-screen through CME Direct, including by entities that do not retain a cash market broker.
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Innovation and responsiveness
Argus has reported waterborne cargo prices for WTI Midland for several years on both fob US Gulf coast and delivered-Europe and Asia bases. As the market has developed, so has our approach. In November 2022, we augmented our rolling price for fob Midland WTI by reporting three intramonth periods, to better reflect market structure and the way cargoes are traded.
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An expert reporting team
The Argus WTI Houston and Midland assessments are underpinned by the expertise of our Americas editorial team. We demystifying these complex markets through independent and transparent pricing, built on the strength of our relationships with the market. We have been surveying these pipeline markets for decades, meaning we understand the vital connections and nuances that exist.
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Our commentary on the rise of WTI
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