The Malaysian government is creating the Energy Exchange Malaysia (Enegem) to allow for cross-border "green electricity" sales to neighbouring countries, starting with pilot sales to Singapore.
The auctioning process for cross-border sales of clean electricity will begin with a 100MW pilot run utilising the existing connection between peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, announced Malaysia's Ministry of Energy Transition and Water Transformation on 15 April. The auction will be open to renewable energy bidders in Singapore that have import licences issued by Singapore's Energy Market Authority.
This pilot phase of 100MW is to "make sure that it works, and then if it does work, hopefully it can be expanded to a gigawatt level," said the chairman of the Energy Commission Malaysia Rashdan Yusof at the Atozero conference in Singapore on 17 April.
"On the demand side, there will also be an auction for suppliers of renewable energy into the exchange," said Rashdan, adding that the exchange will aggregate all the renewable energy sector participants, predominantly in the solar sector, and then provide the energy to Singapore, depending on requirements such as load factors, among other things.
Malaysia aims to catalyse the development of the Asean regional electricity grid and cross-border energy trading. There are "tremendous discussions" on future interconnections, said Rashdan. Malaysian state-owned utility TNB has signed six agreements with utility counterparts in Thailand, Vietnam and Laos, and has two feasibility studies planned with utilities in Indonesia and Singapore, he said, without providing additional details on these deals.
There is great willingness to establish this regional power grid but one of the obstacles is that "each jurisdiction has different energy pricing systems," said Rashdan. There is a significant difference in energy pricing between Singapore and Malaysia, for example, as energy is largely subsidised in Malaysia. "These subsidies, I find, will be a core impediment in terms of the free flow of electrons," he added.
"The energy exchange can level the economic and commercial playing field, so that money can flow. Once the money can flow, the electrons will flow. That's the aim of the energy exchange, to have that transparency and market-based system, without the distortion of price subsidies."
There are a number of bilateral power agreements in the region, with some even crossing multiple borders, such as the Laos-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore Power Integration Project, which connects renewable power supplies from Laos to Singapore. But Asean countries need to scale up to multilateral power trading to fully benefit from regional grid interconnectivity. Regional grid optimisation in Asean could cut the net present cost of full decarbonisation by 11pc from $7.2 trillion to $6.5 trillion, according to international classification society DNV's Asia-Pacific regional director for energy systems Brice Le Gallo last year.
