Japanese car makers to develop new engines for HEVs

Market: Battery materials, Biofuels, Metals
28/05/24

Japanese auto producers Toyota, Mazda, and Subaru plan to develop new internal combustion engines (ICE) that can combine with electrical motors, to produce next-generation hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

These future HEVs must have more efficient electric motor-driven engines, said Toyota's chief executive officer Koji Sato on 28 May. Conventional HEVs are primarily powered by ICEs and electric motors have been regarded as a secondary source, Sato reiterated, "But electric motors should also be seen as a primary power source and potential cruising distance powered by electrical motor should be extended."

New engines will be able to utilise a variety of carbon-neutral fuels such as synthetic fuels and biofuel, Sato added. Toyota and other Japanese firms agreed to jointly carry out a feasibility study by discussing scenarios, roadmaps and necessary regulations to introduce the clean fuels around 2030.

But the joint announcement did not disclose the extent of the firms' collaboration in developing the new engine. The three car makers stressed the importance of "co-creation" without further details, but each manufacturer separately introduced their own concept of the new ICE.

This collaboration would be less compelling if the announcement was made by only one company, said Mazda's chief executive officer Masahiro Moro. This comment deepened market speculation that the

firms might be seeking further alliance opportunities, which would involve larger co-operations. This is especially since fellow Japanese car producers Nissan and Honda recently agreed in March to start discussing a possible collaboration on the electrification of automobiles.

It was also unclear if the announcement would mean that the firms will prioritise developing HEVs over the battery EVs (BEVs), with market growth of the latter having slowed over the past several months.

But Sato emphasised that Toyota is committed to BEVs and ICEs, in line with its multi-pathway principle. This means the company will continue producing multiple types of EVs, including plug-in hybrid vehicles and HEVs along with BEVs to give customers a variety of choices.

By Yusuke Maekawa

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11/04/25

Japan's Cosmo starts delivering SAF from Sakai refinery

Tokyo, 11 April (Argus) — Japanese energy firm Cosmo Energy has started supplying domestic sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) produced at the country's first large-scale SAF plant. This marks the first SAF delivery from the plant housed at refiner Cosmo Oil's Sakai refinery, Cosmo Energy announced on 10 April. Cosmo Energy's subsidiary Cosmo Oil Marketing delivered SAF to the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) at the country's western Kansai International Airport on 10 April. The delivered amount should be 15 kilolitres, based on JASDF's public notice for the tender. SAF producing joint venture Saffaire Sky Energy — launched by Cosmo Oil, engineering firm JGC and biodiesel producer Revo International — produces this SAF from used cooking oil (UCO) at the plant. The firms aim to supply around 30,000 kilolitres/yr, and plan to begin delivering SAF to domestic airlines Japan Airlines (JAL) and All Nippon Airways (ANA), the US' Delta Air Lines , Finland's Finnair, and German logistics group DHL Express in the 2025 fiscal year starting this April. JASDF's acrobatic flight team Blue Impulse will use the SAF in an exhibition flight scheduled on 13 April, the opening day of Expo 2025, over the event's venue in Osaka. Separately, an explosion occurred at the Sakai refinery on 10 April, but its 100,000 b/d crude distillation unit (CDU) is still operating, according to Cosmo Oil and the local fire department. The fire department received a notice from the refinery's staff that "an explosion happened at a sulphuric acid regeneration equipment, with no fires or leaks of LPG." The refinery was heating sulphuric acid for purification when the explosion happened. The SAF plant at the refinery is not affected by the accident, Cosmo said. By Kohei Yamamoto Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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New tariffs could upend US tallow imports: Correction

10/04/25

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10/04/25

New tariffs could upend US tallow imports: Correction

Corrects description of options for avoiding feedstock tariffs in 12th paragraph. Story originally published 3 April. New York, 10 April (Argus) — New US tariffs on nearly all foreign products could deter further imports of beef tallow, a fast-rising biofuel feedstock and food ingredient that had until now largely evaded President Donald Trump's efforts to reshape global trade. Tallow was the most used feedstock for US biomass-based diesel production in January for the first month ever, with consumption by pound rising month to month despite sharp declines in actual biorefining and in use of competing feedstocks. The beef byproduct benefits from US policies, including a new federal tax credit known as "45Z", that offer greater subsidies to fuel derived from waste than fuel derived from first-generation crops. Much of that tallow is sourced domestically, but the US also imported more than 880,000t of tallow last year, up 29pc from just two years earlier. The majority of those imports last year came from Brazil, which until now has faced a small 0.43¢/kg (19.5¢/lb) tariff, and from Australia, which was exempt from any tallow-specific tariffs under a free trade agreement with US. But starting on 5 April, both countries will be subject to at least the new 10pc charge on foreign imports. There are some carveouts from tariffs for certain energy products, but animal fats are not included. Some other major suppliers — like Argentina, Uruguay, and New Zealand — will soon have new tariffs in place too, although tallow from Canada is for now unaffected because it is covered by the US-Mexico-Canada free trade agreement. Brazil tallow shipments to the US totaled around 300,000t in 2024, marking an all-time high, but tallow shipments during the fourth quarter of 2024 fell under the 2023 levels as uncertainty about future tax policy slowed buying interest. Feedstock demand in general in the US has remained muted to start this year because of poor biofuel production margins, and that has extended to global tallow flows. Tallow suppliers in Brazil for instance were already experiencing decreased interest from US producers before tariffs. Brazil tallow prices for export last closed at $1,080/t on 28 March, rising about 4pc year-to-date amid support from the 45Z guidance and aid from Brazil's growing biodiesel industry, which is paying a hefty premium for tallow compared to exports. While the large majority of Brazilian tallow exports end up in the US, Australian suppliers have more flexibility and could send more volume to Singapore instead if tariffs deter US buyers. Export prices out of Australia peaked this year at $1,185/t on 4 March but have since trended lower to last close at $1,050/t on 1 April. In general, market participants say international tallow suppliers would have to drop offers to keep trade flows intact. Other policy shifts affect flows Even as US farm groups clamored for more muscular foreign feedstock limits over much of the last year, tallow had until now largely dodged any significant restrictions. Recent US guidance around 45Z treats all tallow, whether produced in the US or shipped long distances to reach the US, the same. Other foreign feedstocks were treated more harshly, with the same guidance providing no pathway at all for road fuels from foreign used cooking oil and also pinning the carbon intensity of canola oil — largely from Canada — as generally too high to claim any subsidy. But tariffs on major suppliers of tallow to the US, and the threat of additional charges if countries retaliate, could give refiners pause. Demand could rise for domestic animal fats or alternatively for domestic vegetable oils that can also be refined into fuel, especially if retaliatory tariffs cut off global markets for US farm products like soybean oil. There is also risk if Republicans in the Trump administration or Congress reshape rules around 45Z to penalize foreign feedstocks. At the same time, a minimum 10pc charge for tallow outside North America is a more manageable price to pay compared to other feedstocks — including a far-greater collection of charges on Chinese used cooking oil. And if the US sets biofuel blend mandates as high as some oil and farm groups are pushing , strong demand could leave producers with little choice but to continue importing at least some feedstock from abroad to continue making fuel. Not all US renewable diesel producers will be equally impacted by tariffs either. Some tariffs are eligible for drawbacks, meaning that producers could potentially recover tariffs they paid on feedstocks for fuel that is ultimately exported. And multiple biofuel producers are located in foreign-trade zones, a US program that works similarly to the duty drawbacks, and have applied for permission to avoid some tariffs on imported feedstocks for fuel eventually shipped abroad. Jurisdictions like the EU and UK, where sustainable aviation fuel mandates took effect this year, are attractive destinations. And there is still strong demand from the US food sector, with edible tallow prices in Chicago up 18pc so far this year. Trump allies, including his top health official, have pushed tallow as an alternative to seed oils. By Cole Martin and Jamuna Gautam Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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US absence unlikely to derail IMO talks

10/04/25

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10/04/25

US absence unlikely to derail IMO talks

London, 10 April (Argus) — The US delegation's absence from the 83rd International Maritime Organisation's (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) meeting is unlikely to derail the outcome of discussions on a greenhouse gas (GHG) economic pricing mechanism, market participants told Argus . This comes after the US sent a statement to foreign embassies of countries partaking in the IMO GHG economic pricing mechanism talks, confirming the US' absence from the negotiations. The statement says: "President Trump has made it clear that the US will not accept any international environmental agreement that unduly or unfairly burdens the US or the interests of the American people," according to a document seen by Argus . It adds: "Should such a blatantly unfair measure go forward, our government will consider reciprocal measures so as to offset any fees charged to US ships and compensate the American people for any other economic harm from any adopted GHG emissions measures". The statement ends: "The US will engage with partners on energy and investment issues of common interest. We stand ready to work with you to advance our shared commitment to energy security and economic growth". "The US will not be engaging in negotiations at the IMO's 83rd Marine Environment Protection Committee. Consistent with President Trump's executive orders on international environmental agreements and on energy dominance, it is the administration's policy to put the interests of the US and the American people first in the development and negotiation of any international agreements", the US State Department told Argus . IMO member countries are voting this week on the economic pricing mechanism for marine GHG emissions, for which the structure is expected to be agreed by 11 April, according to IMO secretary-general Arsenio Dominguez. Even if the US does not engage in the GHG talks, it cannot unilaterally block decisions at the IMO, a spokesperson told Argus . Many of the GHG measures remain under discussion, with final approvals from the working group expected by 11 April. "The US doesn't have a huge share of the global ocean-going fleet, so their absence or opposition probably won't change the broader [IMO members] consensus", a Chile-based ship owner told Argus . US imposing "reciprocal" costs on foreign ships calling at US ports will almost certainly get passed on to [US] consumers, which could lead to higher prices for goods in the US, the owner said. If the measures are ratified by IMO member nations, US-flagged ships will probably not adhere to IMO's regulations when they call into ports of member countries, a Singapore-based shipbroker said. "We are not expecting any impacting on Asia-Pacific region yet, and it's subject to what is agreed at the MEPC and how levies are calculated," the shipbroker added. Despite not having veto power, the US remains the largest financial contributor to the UN, a Greece-based shipowner told Argus . If international shipbuilding credit lines begin to tighten under US influence, other countries may align with Washington's stance, it added. The IMO has 176 member countries. Greece, China and Japan account for the largest shares of the global ocean-going fleet. During the ongoing session, member states have approved interim guidance on the carriage of biofuel blends. The guidance allows conventional bunker ships certified for carriage of oil fuels under Marpol Annex I to transport blends of not more than 30pc by volume of biofuel , as long as all residues or tank washings are discharged ashore, unless the oil discharge monitoring equipment is approved for the biofuel blends being shipped. By Hussein Al-Khalisy, Madeleine Jenkins, Stefka Wechsler, Mahua Mitra, Natália Coelho, and Gabriel Tassi Lara Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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US inflation eased for 2nd month in March

10/04/25

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10/04/25

US inflation eased for 2nd month in March

Houston, 10 April (Argus) — US inflation slowed more than forecast in March, pulled lower by falling gasoline prices and slowing shelter inflation, as the new US administration's tariff policies have prompted concerns of a global economic slowdown. The consumer price index (CPI) slowed to an annual rate of 2.4pc in March, down from 2.8pc in February and the lowest rate since November 2024, the Labor Department reported Thursday. Analysts surveyed by Trading Economics had forecast a 2.6pc rate for March. Core inflation, which strips out volatile food and energy, rose at a 2.8pc annual rate, down from a 3pc annual rate the prior month and the lowest since March 2021. The deceleration in inflation came a month after President Donald Trump began to levy tariffs on imports from China and on steel, aluminum and automobiles, starting in February. Several tariff deadlines were pushed back, including a three-month pause enacted this week on much steeper tariffs for most countries. The tariffs have prompted companies and consumers to pull back on investments and some purchases while shaking up financial markets, and heightening concerns of a global recession. The energy index fell by an annual 3.3pc in March following a 0.2pc annual decline in February. Gasoline fell by 9.8pc after a 3.1pc decline. Piped natural gas rose by 9.4pc. Food rose by an annual 3pc, accelerating from 2.6pc. Eggs surged by an annual 60.4pc, as avian flu has slashed supply. Shelter rose by an annual 4pc in March, slowing from 4.2pc in February and the smallest increase since November 2021. Services less energy services rose by 3.7pc, slowing from 4.1pc in February. New vehicles were unchanged after an annual 0.3pc drop in February. Transportation services, which includes what maintenance and repair, insurance and airfares, rose by an annual 3.1pc, slowing from 6pc in February. Car insurance was up by an annual 7.5pc and airline fares fell by 5.2pc. CPI fell by 0.1pc in March after a monthly 0.2pc gain in February. Core inflation rose by 0.1pc for the month. By Bob Willis Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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Recent deep-sea and short-sea cfr Turkey scrap deals

09/04/25

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09/04/25

Recent deep-sea and short-sea cfr Turkey scrap deals

London, 9 April (Argus) — A summary of the most recent deep-sea and short-sea cfr Turkey ferrous scrap deals seen by Argus. Ferrous scrap deep-sea trades (average composition price, cfr Turkey) Date Volume, t Price, $ Shipment Buyer Seller Composition Index relevant 27-Mar 30,000 378 (80:20) May Izmir Cont. Europe HMS 1/2 85:15, shred, bonus Y 27-Mar 40,000 382.50 (80:20) April Marmara USA HMS 1/2 85:15, P&S Y 21-Mar 40,000 383 (80:20) April Izmir USA HMS 1/2 85:15, shred, bonus Y 18-Mar 30,000 376 (80:20) April Iskenderun Cont. Europe HMS 1/2 80:20, shred, bonus Y 18-Mar 40,000 381 (80:20) April Iskenderun USA HMS 1/2 80:20, shred, bonus Y 18-Mar 40,000 380 (80:20) April Marmara Baltics/Scan HMS 1/2 80:20, shred, bonus Y 17-Mar 30,000 375 (80:20) April Iskenderun Cont. Europe HMS 1/2 80:20, shred, bonus Y 14-Mar 30,000 380 (80:20) April Marmara USA HMS 1/2 80:20, shred, bonus Y Ferrous scrap short-sea trades (average composition price, cif Marmara) Date Volume, t Price, $ Shipment Buyer Seller Composition Index relevant 2-Apr 3,000 350 April Izmir Romania HMS 1/2 80:20 Y 31-Mar 3,000 355 April Izmir Romania HMS 1/2 80:20 Y 24-Mar 3,000 353 April Izmir Romania HMS 1/2 80:20 Y 24-Mar 3,000 351 April Bartin Romania HMS 1/2 80:20 Y 21-Mar 5,000 370 April Izmir Greece HMS 1/2 80:20 Y 21-Mar 6,000 369 April Marmara Italy HMS 1/2 80:20, bonus Y Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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