Generic Hero BannerGeneric Hero Banner
Latest market news

AI boom to drive demand for chip materials

  • Market: Metals
  • 30/06/23

The growing hype around artificial intelligence (AI) has highlighted the pivotal role of specialised silicon-based semiconductors in driving the deployment of new technologies at scale, and signals rising demand for metals used to make the chips themselves and the associated data centre servers.

AI — the ability of machines to perform tasks associated with human brains — requires specialised semiconductor chips that are optimised for advanced computation, more powerful and more efficient than the chips used in consumer electronics. Demand from the sector will have a lasting impact on chip design and production, owing to the massive volumes of data that AI applications process and store. Although some general-purpose semiconductors can be used for some basic AI functionality, they are becoming less useful as AI applications advance. And as demand for AI chips surges, so too does the need for silicon wafers.

The amount of silicon used in a single AI chip varies depending on its design and functionality. Silicon wafers with diameters of around 5-8 inches, and increasingly, up to 12 inches, are doped with chemicals such as boron, phosphorus, arsenic, and gallium to prepare the silicon for imprinting circuitry patterns. A metal layer is then laid over the imprinted wafer, and electrical circuits are etched on the wafer. The back-end of the chip sits on top of this front-end and consists of layers formed of insulators through which conductive metal wires called interconnects connect the electrical devices of the front-end. Interconnects were typically made from aluminium in the past but are now more commonly copper or cobalt based.

AI chips are forecast to account for up to 20pc of the $450bn total semiconductor market by 2025, according to consulting firm McKinsey. US-based Insight Partners projects that sales of AI chips will climb to $83.3bn in 2027 from $5.7bn in 2018, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35pc. That is close to 10 times the forecast growth rate for non-AI chips.

Data centre servers are central to AI computation, particularly as algorithms are typically trained in the cloud. The rising adoption of cloud computing and the emergence of 5G telecom technology, which provides fast data transmission with low latency, are driving demand for servers that rely on AI chips for efficient processing in healthcare, automotive and financial services applications .

US-based chipmaker Nvidia made waves in May when it announced that demand for AI chips from data centres has driven its second-quarter revenue guidance to $11bn, well above analysts' estimates of $7.15bn.

Around two-thirds of the rise in demand for AI hardware will come from data centre servers, based on McKinsey's forecast.

Although silicon is the foundation of AI semiconductors, minor metals such as indium contribute to data centre server performance. Optical fibres and cables used to transmit data between servers and networking equipment are coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) to increase signal transmission and reduce losses. Indium phosphide (InP) is used in the production of high-speed photodetectors and laser diodes for optical communications. And Indium-based solder alloys can also be used in the production and assembly of electronic components in servers to enable precise and reliable soldering connections.

"The computer industry is going through two simultaneous transitions — accelerated computing and generative AI," according to Nvidia's founder and chief executive Jensen Huang. "A trillion dollars of installed global data centre infrastructure will transition from general purpose to accelerated computing as companies race to apply generative AI into every product, service and business process." Nvidia is "significantly increasing" output of its data centre products to meet growing demand, Huang said.

US-based Inflection AI said yesterday it has raised $1.3bn in financing from Microsoft, Reid Hoffman, Bill Gates, Eric Schmidt and Nvidia. It will use the funding to help build an AI cluster of 22,000 Nvidia GPUs, which is around three times more computing power than was used to train the ChatGPT-4 generative AI tool, and indicates the scale of potential chip volumes at play.

Nvidia's rival AMD plans to ramp up production of its new AI data centre chip in the fourth quarter and has introduced upgraded versions of other chip models to address AI demand.

With AI chips expected to be used in smartphones, laptops, vehicles, manufacturing robots, surveillance systems, and military hardware, minor metals consumption will be central to the technology transition.


Sharelinkedin-sharetwitter-sharefacebook-shareemail-share

Related news posts

Argus illuminates the markets by putting a lens on the areas that matter most to you. The market news and commentary we publish reveals vital insights that enable you to make stronger, well-informed decisions. Explore a selection of news stories related to this one.

News
14/03/25

Argentina’s inflation continues to ease in Feb

Argentina’s inflation continues to ease in Feb

Houston, 14 March (Argus) — Argentina's inflation continued to ease in February, falling to its lowest since June 2022. The consumer price index fell to an annualized 66.9pc in February from 84.5pc in January and compared with 117.8pc in December, agency Indec reported on 14 March. Inflation peaked at 292pc in April 2024. On a monthly basis, inflation ticked up by 2.4pc in February from the prior month, when it came in at 2.2pc, the lowest since mid-2020. The government is targetting annual inflation to fall to 20pc for 2025, while international agencies and banks put it above 30pc. Lowering inflation is a central tenet of president Javier Milei's government, in office now 15 months, as it works to grow the economy and attract investment. It is also key to a new deal the government wants with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The government is forecasting growth in domestic product at 5pc in 2025. The economy contracted by nearly 2pc in 2024, an improvement over the 3.8pc decline forecast by the government and the IMF's estimated 5pc contraction. It is hoping for a flood of investment from an incentive law for large investments (RIGI), which was approved last year as part of an omnibus law to reduce the size of the state. The government expects a minimum of $20bn investment to be approved in 2025. A cornerstone of the improvement is a new agreement with the IMF, which will be used to ease capital controls and pay down the treasury's debt with the central bank. On 11 March, the government submitted a draft decree to Congress for approval of the IMF deal. The decree stated that the new IMF facility would include a repayment period of 10 years with a grace period of four and a half years. The decree does not include amounts, but a report from US investment bank Citi stated that it would be between $15-20bn. The government is still repaying the $44bn agreement with the fund agreed to the previous decade. By Lucien Chauvin Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Find out more
News

EU finds no dumping on India HRC


14/03/25
News
14/03/25

EU finds no dumping on India HRC

London, 14 March (Argus) — A pre-disclosure to the EU's anti-dumping investigation found no dumping on hot-rolled coil (HRC) imports from India, while imposing provisional duties on Egypt, Japan and Vietnam in a range of 6.9-33pc from 7 April. Japan's Nippon Steel faces one of the highest import duties, at 33pc, while benchmark mill Tokyo Steel has the lowest, at 6.9pc. Fellow Japanese steelmakers Daido Steel and JFE Steel will be taxed at 32pc. All other Japanese producers will have a provisional duty of 33pc. Material from Vietnam will be subject to a 12.1pc duty, while Egyptian exporters face a 15.6pc tax. No provisional duties are proposed for imports from Vietnam's Hoa Phat, according to a leaked document from the European Commission. Egypt, Japan and Vietnam sold 2.2mn t of HRC into the EU last year, accounting for around 25pc of total imports. Egypt sold 694,000t, Japan 860,000t and Vietnam 727,000t. Indian imports will be unconstrained, as they are subject to a 0pc duty. It shipped 1.2mn t into its own quota last year. India was the most affected HRC supplier by the safeguard review, with imports from the country falling by 23pc to 225,000 t/quarter. The provisional rates mean Vietnamese HRC will remain easily workable into the EU, and the duties will have little impact on the volume of supply from the country — apart from the limitations already imposed by the safeguard review, which limits imports from other countries to around 111,000 t/quarter. Egypt would be "cooked", a trader said, with its import volumes likely to decline substantially, if the provisional duties become definitive. Prices in the EU are less likely to increase if these duty rates are imposed, and because the safeguard review results earlier in the week were less stringent than expected, a buyer said. The low duties on Vietnamese material — below most market expectations — will be welcomed by large re-rollers that account for a high share of the country's exports to the EU. Definitive measures are expected by 7 October. By Lora Stoyanova and Colin Richardson EU HRC provisional anti-dumping duties % Mill Provisional duty Japan Nippon Steel 33.0 Tokyo Steel 6.9 Daido Steel 32.0 JFE Steel 32.0 All others 33.0 Egypt Ezz Steel 15.6 All others 15.6 Vietnam Formosa Ha Tinh 12.1 All others* 12.1 India All mills 0† * No duties on Hoa Phat Dung Quat †no dumping found - EC Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

News

Korea's Samsung SDI to raise funds for battery growth


14/03/25
News
14/03/25

Korea's Samsung SDI to raise funds for battery growth

Singapore, 14 March (Argus) — South Korean battery maker Samsung SDI is looking to raise 2 trillion Korean won ($1.38bn) to fuel its battery production developments, citing a Hungary plant expansion and its joint venture investment with US carmaker General Motors (GM). The capital raise is based on the mid- to long-term growth prospects of the electric vehicle battery market, given that battery facility investments take 2-3 years to reach mass production, said the firm on 14 March. Samsung SDI previously flagged that it intends to expand its plant in Hungary's God to 40 GWh/yr. The firm in August 2024 signed an agreement with GM to build a two-phase nickel-cobalt-aluminum battery plant that is expected to have a final production capacity of 36 GWh/yr in New Carlisle, Indiana. The joint venture investment will take around $3.5bn. The proceeds will also be used to invest in solid-state battery line facilities in South Korea, said Samsung SDI. The firm launched its first all solid-state battery pilot line back in March 2022 and aims to mass produce solid-state batteries in 2027, which are more stable and have high energy density, it said last year. Its facility investment has quadrupled from W1.7 trillion in 2019 to W6.6 trillion last year, but Samsung SDI expects this to shrink this year, citing "investment efficiency". Samsung SDI's battery usage fell by almost 11pc to 29.6GWh in 2024, according to data from South Korean market intelligence firm SNE Research, given a decline in demand from major car original equipment manufacturers in Europe and North America. By Joseph Ho Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

News

Australia's Liontown to transition Li mine underground


14/03/25
News
14/03/25

Australia's Liontown to transition Li mine underground

Sydney, 14 March (Argus) — Australian lithium producer Liontown Resources is on-track to transition its Kathleen Valley mine from an open pit to an underground site in order to extract higher-grade ore. The company started mining underground at the 2.8mn t/yr site in November 2023 and plans to entirely stop open pit operations by January-March 2026. Liontown will start ramping up its underground operations starting in April-June 2025, it announced in its July-December 2024 half year report on 14 March. The company has also increased the efficiency of its open pit operations in recent months. Liontown cut its Kathleen Valley waste to ore ratio from 5.1 in July-September to 1.25 in October-December, and increased concentrate production at the site from 28,171t to 88,683t over the same period. The company's recent combined output and efficiency improvements softened losses for the quarter. The company posted losses of A$15.1mn ($9.5mn) in July-December 2024, down from A$30.9mn in the same period in 2023. Liontown highlighted low spot spodumene and lithium chemical prices as a source of concern despite its recent financial improvement. But Kathleen Valley's increasing efficiency could mitigate ongoing price challenges, the company said. Argus -assessed lithium concentrate (spodumene) 6pc Li2O cif China price has decreased sharply since it was first assessed in May 2022, falling from $4,925/t to $875/t over 17 May 2022-11 March 2025. But the price has been increasing over recent months despite the long-term decline, rising from $835/t on 17 December 2024. By Avinash Govind Argus' spodumene price (May 2022-March 2025) ($/t) Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

News

Steelmaker Gerdau to buy Kloeckner's Brazil assets


13/03/25
News
13/03/25

Steelmaker Gerdau to buy Kloeckner's Brazil assets

Sao Paulo, 13 March (Argus) — Brazilian steelmaker Gerdau closed a deal to acquire German metals service centre Kloeckner's operations in Parana, Brazil, for an undisclosed value. Gerdau, historically a long steel producer, has been investing in flat steel assets. The company this week inaugurated its expanded hot-rolling mill, boosting hot-rolled coil (HRC) capacity by 30pc to 1.1mn t/yr. The company has submitted a request to Brazil's antitrust watchdog Cade seeking approval for the acquisition, before completing the transaction. Kloeckner has operated in Brazil since 2011, following its acquisition of 70pc of Frefer Metal Plus assets. Last October, the German company announced that it will exit the Brazilian metals market, aligning with its strategy to concentrate investments in European and North American markets. Besides Parana, Kloeckner has plants in Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. By Isabel Filgueiras Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Generic Hero Banner

Business intelligence reports

Get concise, trustworthy and unbiased analysis of the latest trends and developments in oil and energy markets. These reports are specially created for decision makers who don’t have time to track markets day-by-day, minute-by-minute.

Learn more