Petrobras commits to net zero carbon emissions
Petrobras' public-private structure means that it will face closer scrutiny over its emissions than other national oil firms
Brazil's Petrobras is the latest state-run oil company to commit to becoming carbon neutral, in line with the 12-member global Oil and Gas Climate Initiative, of which the firm is a member.
The carbon-neutral target applies to its scope 1 and 2 operations, which include greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company-owned and controlled operations as well as indirect emissions from energy purchases from third parties. Petrobras also pledged to work with its partners in non-operated areas to help them reduce emissions. The goal will be met "in a timeframe compatible with that established by the Paris [climate] agreement", Petrobras says.
The firm says it has boosted carbon efficiency in exploration and production by 47pc over the past 11 years. It is targeting a 25pc reduction in emissions by 2030, according to its 2020 sustainability report released in April. Petrobras committed to investing $1bn to reduce its carbon footprint in 2021-25 in its most recent five-year plan, issued in November. The net zero commitment comes amid growing pressure on firms to step up verifiable commitments ahead of the Cop 26 climate conference in Glasgow, Scotland, in November.
Petrobras' public-private ownership structure puts it under more scrutiny than many other national oil firms. Some of its shares trade on the New York stock exchange. By the end of this year, US securities regulator the SEC aims to vote on a proposal to require publicly traded companies to disclose their climate risks, including potentially all of their direct and indirect GHG emissions.
One of the main mechanisms that Petrobras plans to use to reduce its carbon footprint is increased CO2 injection. The goal is to capture and store 40mn t of CO2 by 2025, which the firm says is equal to 18pc of global carbon capture and storage. It reinjected 7mn t of CO2 last year. The company is also testing a system that would separate and reinject CO2 at the wellhead, which would significantly reduce . Petrobras has also promised to eliminate gas flaring by 2030 at its offshore platforms. And it will seek to maximise the use of electric energy at its platforms, which it says will reduce emissions from them by up to 20pc.
Biofuel push
Downstream, the firm is targeting a 16pc reduction in its carbon intensity to 2025 and a 30pc fall by 2030. It also plans to produce more advanced biofuels, including biojet fuel and green diesel. While Petrobras has divested conventional biofuel assets, it is evaluating investments in greenfield biokerosine projects, as well as the construction of dedicated co-processed green diesel refineries.
The company last year concluded refinery tests on its patented hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) production technology. The co-processed fuel uses up to 10pc vegetable oils to produce a drop-in fuel that is chemically identical to petroleum diesel. Petrobras' HVO diesel reduces emissions by 70pc compared with conventional diesel and by 15pc compared with biodiesel, company data show.
Colombia's state-controlled Ecopetrol led the pack of Latin American oil firms with its March pledge to reach net zero emissions by 2050. It aims to reduce its CO2 emissions — scopes 1 and 2 — by a quarter from 2019, and halve them by 2050. Key features are forestry-related programmes, renewable energy with storage, and carbon sequestration. The firm plans to install a pilot green hydrogen plant in 2022 to test production and application of the fuel at its 165,000 b/d Cartagena refinery on the Caribbean. But Ecopetrol is not abandoning the oil business. It is conducting a pilot hydraulic fracturing project in central Colombia, with the hope of boosting its flagging oil and natural gas reserves base.
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Production cuts lift Asian seaborne bitumen values
Production cuts lift Asian seaborne bitumen values
Singapore, 12 September (Argus) — Tighter export supplies from production cuts and firmer import demand from southeast Asia has lifted seaborne Asian bitumen prices to their highest level since last year's final quarter. Argus assessed the weekly fob Singapore ABX 1 at $452.50/t on 6 September, the highest since early December 2023 and up by $7/t from the previous week. Argus assessed the weekly fob South Korea ABX 2 at $446/t on 6 September, the highest since the end of October 2023 and up by $3.50/t from a week earlier. Argus assessed weekly fob Thailand and fob Taiwan prices at $450/t on 6 September, up by $7.50/t from the previous week. This was their highest since mid-November and early December respectively. Export supplies have been curbed from Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan since this year's second quarter because of strong high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) prices and weaker export margins . The daily fob Singapore ABX 1 was trading at a discount of about $75-80/t to 3.5pc 380cst HSFO fob Singapore values in March. The discount widened to $107.75/t to HSFO on 5 July, the widest this year. Enquiries were weak especially from monsoon-hit Vietnam , with higher availability of relatively cheaper Middle East-origin cargoes also depressing domestic values and reducing buying capacity. Import demand from south China continues to be weak from higher inventories and limited consumption. This is despite its existing production cuts. Only Indonesia was seeking some volumes to restock. Some Indonesian importers have been seeking October-December laycan cargoes in advance before Singapore's export supplies dry up, ahead of the year-end peak demand season. At least two importers have issued import tenders to secure October cargoes. But drier weather and the return of some national highway and maintenance projects in central and north Vietnam, along with unusually higher domestic demand in Thailand , increased enquiries for Singapore and Taiwan cargoes this quarter that supported prices. Importers from southeast Asia are also seeking other Asia-origin cargoes. This strengthened enquiries for South Korea-origin cargoes , for which southeast Asia is not a major market. Prolonged weak demand from traditional importer east China because of competitive domestic offers made South Korean cargoes available for southeast Asian buyers but demand continued to outpace supplies. Limited output At least two of three refineries in Singapore were under partial turnaround this quarter. The Singapore Refining Company's 290,000 b/d refinery is expected to return towards the end of September, while Shell's 237,000 b/d Pulau Bukom refinery is estimated to resume around mid-October. A Yeosu-based refiner in South Korea issued a tender to sell about 5-6 cargoes each month for loading across the fourth quarter from its 800,000 b/d refinery. But an Onsan-based 669,000 b/d refiner did not issue an export tender for September-laycan cargoes for unspecified reasons. Market participants are unsure if an export tender for October cargoes will be issued. Export supplies from Taiwan were also limited with refiners mostly catering to their term commitments. Thailand's 275,000 b/d Sriracha refinery and 215,000 b/d Rayong refinery limited production, while the 175,000 b/d Map Ta Phut refinery has opted to produce more fuel oil. A refinery in Malaysia had halted bitumen sales since mid-June because of limited production and is likely to return next month. This increased demand for Singapore-origin tank truck cargoes and some Singapore refiners allocated more volumes for tank truck sales, further limiting export supplies. Export supplies in Asia are expected to be tight in the short term despite seaborne prices currently trading at a premium to HSFO values, market participants close to refiners told Argus , indicating that bitumen production might not increase soon. Bitumen has been at a premium to HSFO values since the end of August. Argus assessed the daily fob Singapore ABX 1 at $460/t on 11 September, at a $48.25/t premium to 3.5pc 380cst HSFO fob Singapore that was assessed at $411.75/t. By Sathya Narayanan, Claire Ng and Chloe Choo Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Australia’s Victoria seeks further gas storage capacity
Australia’s Victoria seeks further gas storage capacity
Singapore, 12 September (Argus) — The state Labor government of Victoria will introduce laws to allow offshore gas storage projects in its waters as it grapples with a predicted supply deficit because of declining Bass strait production. Victoria, which is Australia's largest user of household and commercial gas, will allow gas to be stored in empty gas reservoirs offshore in a bid to boost supply security, Victorian energy minister Lily D'Ambrosio said on 11 September. But the state's waters extend three nautical miles offshore, meaning the laws will not cover most of the state's depleted fields in the Otway and Gippsland basins which lie in federally administered zones. Victoria's largest storage is the 26PJ (694.3mn m³) onshore Iona facility in the state's west, owned by domestic gas storage firm Lochard Energy which plans to expand its capacity by 3PJ . But further capacity is needed to help bridge seasonal gaps, with the new laws possibly advancing privately-owned GB Energy's Golden Beach gas project, which could add 12.5PJ of storage to the grid. The Gippsland basin joint venture (GBJV) and Kipper Unit JV which feed the three Longford gas plants in the state's east have historically supplied about 60pc of southern states' gas, but operator Exxon plans to close one of the plants in July-October , cutting the 1.15 PJ/d facility's capacity to 700 TJ/d and further to 420 TJ/d later this decade. GBJV operated just 50 producing wells and six gas platforms in the 2024 southern hemisphere winter, with Exxon expecting a 70pc reduction in the number of wells from 2010 levels by next winter. The Australian Energy Market Operator's (Aemo) 2024 Victorian Gas Planning Report (VGPR) update confirmed the need for greater supply in Victoria, as declining demand would not offset the loss of supply from the GBJV. Peak southern state winter demand exceeds 2 PJ/d, but at full capacity, pipelines linking Queensland state's coal-bed methane fields to the southern states can meet only 20pc of such demand. Coal and gas-dependent Victoria this year approved its first nearshore gas project in a decade as the government softens its anti-gas stance. LNG import plans The possibility of LNG imports is firming in Victoria, with Australian refiner Viva Energy announcing public consultation has begun on its supplementary environmental effects statement (EES) for a planned floating storage and regasification unit, adjacent to its 120,000 b/d Geelong refinery. The Geelong LNG terminal would have the capacity to supply more than half of Victoria's current gas demand, Viva said on 12 September. The terminal's surplus gas could also flow into the connected southern states of South Australia, New South Wales and Tasmania. A public hearing into the proposal, which could see the import of 45 cargoes/yr, is expected to be held in December before an independent committee reports to the state's planning minister next year. Subject to a final investment decision, works could commence in 2026 to deliver first gas for winter 2028, Viva said, aligning with Aemo's expected shortfall of 50PJ in that year. By Tom Major Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
China slowdown drags global oil demand: IEA
China slowdown drags global oil demand: IEA
London, 12 September (Argus) — A sharp slowdown in China continues to weigh on global oil demand growth, the IEA said today. In its latest Oil Market Report (OMR), the IEA sees China's demand increasing by just 180,000 b/d in 2024, compared with its forecast for 300,000 b/d last month and well below the 710,000 b/d it had projected in January. This was the main reason the IEA cut its 2024 global oil demand forecast by 70,000 b/d to 900,000 b/d. The Paris-based agency said year on year gains of just 800,000 b/d in the first half were the lowest since 2020 and based on "actual data received year-to-date." It sees demand growth remaining subdued in 2025 at 950,000 b/d, unchanged from last month's estimate. The gloomy outlook comes after China recorded a fourth consecutive oil monthly consumption decline in July, at 280,000 b/d, the IEA said. The Paris-based agency attributes the slowdown in China's oil use to a "broad-based economic slowdown and an accelerating substitution away from oil in favour of alternative fuels weigh on consumption." China is not the only country where oil demand is weaker than previously anticipated. The IEA halved its US oil demand growth estimate for this year to just 70,000 b/d, noting a sharp drop in gasoline deliveries in June. "With the steam seemingly running out of Chinese oil demand growth, and only modest increases or declines in most other countries, current trends reinforce our expectation that global demand will plateau by the end of this decade," the IEA said. The agency's latest medium term oil outlook sees world oil demand peaking at 105.6mn b/d in 2029. The IEA's latest projections add to concerns about the health of oil demand this year. Even Opec, which had until August kept its highly bullish oil demand forecast unchanged, has trimmed its expectations for this year and next although its 2024 projection of over 2mn b/d demand growth remains well above most other outlooks. Supply surplus incoming The IEA's forecast does not bode well for a plan by some members of Opec+ to start unwinding 2.2mn b/d of voluntary cuts starting in December. "With non-Opec+ supply rising faster than overall demand — barring a prolonged stand-off in Libya — Opec+ may be staring at a substantial surplus [next year], even if its extra curbs were to remain in place," the agency said. The IEA's latest balances show a supply surplus of more than 1mn b/d in 2025. On global supply, the IEA lowered its growth estimate to 660,000 b/d compared with 730,000 b/d last month. But global growth next year could be as high as 2.1mn b/d even if all Opec+ cuts are maintained, the IEA said. The agency said global observed oil stocks declined for a second consecutive month in July, by 47.1mn bl, although it noted a steep build in oil products stocks to the highest since January 2021. The IEA attributes the recent oil price declines to demand-based fears centred on China and noted the falls came despite "hefty supply losses in Libya and continued crude oil inventory draws." By Aydin Calik Global oil demand/supply balance mn b/d Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
Australia's CER undecided on SMC issuance details
Australia's CER undecided on SMC issuance details
Sydney, 12 September (Argus) — Australia's Clean Energy Regulator (CER) has not yet decided on the level of details that will be published alongside the upcoming safeguard mechanism credits (SMCs), while estimated issuance numbers remain within a "wide" range, delegates heard at a forum in Sydney. The regulator will start to issue SMCs early next year to safeguard facilities that report scope 1 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions below their annual baselines. Each SMC will represent 1t of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) below a facility's baseline, which will have the option to either hold it for future use or sell it in the market. The CER has an estimated range of SMC issuance numbers for the July 2023-June 2024 compliance year, the first under Australia's reformed safeguard mechanism . But this range is "very wide" as several factors are at play, executive general manager Carl Binning told delegates at a safeguard mechanism forum organised by the regulator in Sydney on 11 September. SMC issuances will be "relatively modest initially" according to Binning, but volumes are expected to build up over time as companies intensify efforts to reduce emissions while baselines converge to industry averages. He declined to provide any internal estimates on SMC issuances. Australian companies need to submit their emissions and energy data under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) scheme by 31 October, including covered emissions data for individual safeguard facilities. The CER is finalising the so-called energy intensity determinations for each facility, which will be used to set their baselines. Baselines will be based on a production-adjusted framework initially weighted towards site-specific emissions intensity values, transitioning to industry average emissions intensity levels by 2030. Under the reformed mechanism, facilities that emit more than 100,000t of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) in a fiscal year face declining baselines — at a rate of 4.9 pc/yr until 2030 — and need to surrender Australian Carbon Credit Units (ACCUs) or SMCs if their onsite abatement activities were not enough to keep their emissions below thresholds. Australia's Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW) late last year estimated SMC issuances would start at around 1.4mn units in the 2024 financial year ending 30 June 2024, rising to 7.4mn in 2030 and 10.3mn in 2035. Facilities that fall below the coverage threshold of 100,000t CO2e can choose to continue receiving SMCs for up to 10 years — with their baselines continuing to decline if they opt in — and the DCCEEW expects such issuances will be the main source of SMCs by 2035 (see table). Uncertain data level All safeguard facilities will need to give a breakdown of the surrendered ACCUs by the method under which they were generated for the first time from the 2024 financial year, as well as a breakdown of their emissions by CO2, methane and nitrous oxide. The CER will publish 2023-24 safeguard data by 15 April 2025. But while the regulator will also need to publish the number of SMCs issued to a facility, there is still no definition on whether it will disclose where SMCs surrendered by facilities came from, Binning told delegates. "One of the issues we're really wrestling with in the design of our new registry is how much information we tag," Binning said. "I think the marketplace is interested in more granularity… so I'd actually invite feedback on this topic," he added. The CER expects that the new registry replacing the Australian National Registry of Emissions Units (ANREU) will be operational by the end of calendar year 2024. It plans to issue SMCs into the new registry and transfer all ACCUs from the ANREU "gradually" over the following months before the start of the next safeguard compliance period. By Juan Weik Projected SMC issuances (mn) Financial year From safeguard facilities From below-threshold facilities Total 2024 1.36 0.05 1.41 2025 1.62 0.13 1.75 2026 2.27 0.06 2.33 2027 3.20 0.26 3.46 2028 3.52 0.22 3.74 2029 4.34 0.54 4.88 2030 5.67 1.77 7.44 2031 5.31 1.92 7.23 2032 5.29 3.75 9.04 2033 6.77 3.47 10.24 2034 5.82 4.72 10.54 2035 4.80 5.51 10.31 Source: DCCEEW Send comments and request more information at feedback@argusmedia.com Copyright © 2024. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.
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