Industria automotriz impulsaría nearshoring en México

Market: Metals, Oil products
26/02/24

Los fabricantes de automóviles ayudarán a determinar el alcance de las inversiones del nearshoring en México a medida que el impacto de este fenómeno sea más claro a lo largo de 2024.

México ha visto casi $60 mil millones en planes de inversión relacionados con el nearshoring en tan solo 10 proyectos anunciados en los últimos 12 meses.

Si bien el alcance del desarrollo del nearshoring en México dependerá en gran medida de políticas generales este año, la atención ya se centra en los grandes proyectos de fabricantes de automóviles como Nissan de Japón, Kia de Corea del Sur y en los de un floreciente sector integrado por 13 fabricantes más pequeños de origen chino, como Chirey, MG, BYD, Geely, Omoda, Jetour, entre otros.

La industria nacional de autopartes (INA) estima que México podría atraer hasta $44 mil millones de inversión en autopartes y proveedores automotrices a través del nearshoring en los próximos años. La reubicación o expansión de las cadenas de producción a México para estar más cerca de Estados Unidos atrae inversiones en toda la industria, dijo recientemente el presidente del INA, Francisco González.

Teniendo en cuenta que el gobierno estima que México ya ha recibido $110 mil millones del nearshoring desde que comenzó el fenómeno, la asociación ha estimado que alrededor de 40pc de eso está relacionado con el sector automotriz.

Nuevo León favorecido

Solo el estado de Nuevo León, en la frontera norte de Texas, podría recibir $23 mil millones en los próximos años, en gran parte debido a la construcción de una gigafábrica planificada por el fabricante de vehículos eléctricos Tesla fuera de la ciudad Monterrey.

Además de la inversión estimada de aproximadamente $5 mil millones de Tesla, esto atraería a una serie de fabricantes de equipos originales y otros proveedores de piezas y servicio, lo que podría llevar la inversión total hasta $15 mil millones.

Sin embargo, la gigafábrica de Tesla que se construiría en Santa Catarina, en los suburbios de Monterrey, tendrá el visto bueno hasta que la planta de la misma empresa en Austin, Texas, haya completado el desarrollo de un modelo de construcción de menor costo para 2025.

Pero esto no ha impedido que un gran número de fabricantes de equipos originales y otros integrantes de la cadena de suministro estén empezando a planificar la construcción de nuevas instalaciones cerca del sitio de la gigafábrica para estar listos cuando Tesla construya su planta.

Entre ellos, está AGP eGlass que dijo que planea gastar $800 millones en la construcción de una planta de vidrio automotriz de alta tecnología para suministrar a fabricantes como Tesla.

De los 278 proyectos automotrices registrados en 2023, un total de 54 se encuentran en Nuevo León, que lo sitúa en segundo lugar nacional, solo por debajo de Coahuila con 56 proyectos en total, y por encima de Guanajuato con 49 y Querétaro con 28.

Y de las 54 inversiones registradas en Nuevo León, 23 están enfocadas en la movilidad eléctrica.

Esto convierte a Nuevo León en la entidad que atrajo más proyectos de electromovilidad en 2023, por encima de Coahuila, con 19 proyectos y Guanajuato, que registró 13 proyectos de este tipo.

En cuanto a la generación de empleos que se anticipa como resultado del nearshoring, el gobierno de Nuevo Leon afirma que ya ha generado más de 42,000 puestos de trabajo directamente relacionados con el sector automovilístico.

By James Young

Inversiones anunciadas de nearshoring para México				$mn
Compañía	Tipo de proyecto	Inversión	Ubicación	Anuncio
Tesla**	Fabricación de autos eléctricos	15,000	Nuevo León	28 Feb 23
Kia	Unidad de producción	3,000	Nuevo León	15 May 23
Volkswagen	Fabricación de autos eléctricos	942	Puebla	16 Feb 24
BMW	Ensamblaje autos eléctricos	865	San Luis Potosí	23 Feb 23
AGP Glass	Proveedor Tesla	800	Nuevo León	27 Sep 22
Volkswagen	Automotriz / cadena suministro	764	Puebla	27 Oct 22
Nissan	Planta de ensamblado	700	Aguascalientes	24 Dic 23
Ningbuo Tuopo Group (NTG)	Ensamblaje automotriz	700	Nuevo León	28 Oct 23
ELAM-FAW	Autopartes	407	Colima	30 Ene 24
Unison Shanghai	Componente de autos y partes de aluminio	400	San Luis Potosí	18 Ene 24
Empresas automotrices, Análisis Económico Banorte

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